Constraints to achieving high potential yield of wheat in a temperate, high-rainfall environment in south-eastern Australia
Constraints to achieving high potential yield of wheat in a temperate, high-rainfall environment in south-eastern Australia
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DOI：
10.1071/cp10271
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Riffkin, Penny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acuna, Tina Botwright;Dean, Geoff;Riffkin, Penny
澳大利亚南部高降雨量地区（HRZ）的平均小麦产量预计约为10吨/公顷（1吨/公顷），但由于缺乏适合当地的品种或限制产量的非生物胁迫，大多数地区的小麦产量不足。塔斯马尼亚州的小麦产量可能会有所变化，但在一些田间试验中已经超过了这一潜在产量，因此已经接近其他传统上高产的HRZ环境，如北欧。塔斯马尼亚州小麦高产的一个促成因素是凉爽的温带气候，它往往没有极端的温度（冷、热），可能会经历在其他地方的高冷区环境。因此，了解塔斯马尼亚州当地适应小麦品种的作物生长、发育和产量，可能会提高我们对澳大利亚其他小麦产区产量形成基础的认识。通过对10种小麦基因型的粮食产量对14种有利于小麦生产或生长受限的环境的适应性反应进行分析，对这一点进行了评估。然后在三个不同环境的田间试验中详细检查了这些基因型的全部或一部分作物生长和产量形成，其中两个包括播种时间（TOS）处理。在多位点产量分析中，环境因子占平方和的90%左右。利用聚类分析确定了6个环境组，其中2个环境组因花期霜冻或假定的生物胁迫而明显分离，这两个环境组分别将产量限制在1.8和6.8 t ha（-1）。在TOS的一个田间试验中，内涝也是一个显著的非生物胁迫。晚花品种田南在发生涝渍和开花时避免霜冻的情况下产量最高，尽管与不同环境下的平均产量相比，其产量损失分别为35%和66%。最高产量的基因型在不同环境下平均产量为8 t ha(-1)，包括Alberic、育种系K37.18和新发布的Revenue。在作物生长发育的详细实验中，麦ellar的10 t ha（-1）的高产似乎是由于籽粒穗（-1）增加，对大麦黄矮病毒的抗性以及可能更高的辐射利用效率，尽管后者需要证实。基因型与环境的相互作用对谷物产量影响很小，因此小麦育种者可以相对有较高的信心，认为具有高产量潜力的遗传物质应该在塔斯马尼亚的环境中保持一致。本文提出的结果将有助于制定管理和育种策略，以提高南澳大利亚HRZ的潜在产量。
Average wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone (HRZ) of southern Australia are predicted to be around 10 t ha(-1), yet most regions fall short through a lack of locally adapted cultivars or abiotic stress that constrains yield. Wheat yields in Tasmania can be variable but have exceeded this potential yield in some field trials and have thus approached that of other traditionally high-yielding HRZ environments such as northern Europe. A contributing factor to high wheat yields in Tasmania is the cool-temperate climate, which tends not to have extremes in temperature (cold, heat) as may be experienced in HRZ environments elsewhere. Hence an understanding of crop growth, development and yield of wheat of locally adapted wheat cultivars in Tasmania may improve our understanding of the basis of yield formation in other HRZ in Australia. This was evaluated by conducting an analysis for adaptive response of grain yield in 10 wheat genotypes to a range of 14 environments that were favourable for wheat production or experienced constraints to growth. Crop growth and yield formation was then examined in detail for all or a subset of these genotypes in three field trials with contrasting environments, two of which included a time of sowing (TOS) treatment. Environment accounted for around 90% of the sum of squares (SS) in the multi-site analysis of yield. Six environment groups were identified using cluster analysis, two of which were clearly separated in response to frost at flowering or putative biotic stress, which constrained yield to 1.8 and 6.8 t ha(-1), respectively. Waterlogging was also a significant abiotic stress in one of the TOS field trials. The late-flowering cultivar Tennant had the highest yield in the presence of waterlogging and by avoiding frost at flowering, although it suffered a yield penalty of 35 and 66%, respectively, compared with the average across environments. The highest-yielding genotypes averaged 8 t ha(-1) across environments and included Alberic, the breeding line K37.18 and the new release Revenue. In the detailed experiments on crop growth and development, high grain yields of 10 t ha(-1) in Mackellar appeared to be due to increased grains ear(-1), resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus and possibly higher radiation-use efficiency, although the latter needs to be confirmed. There was little genotype x environment interaction for grain yield, hence wheat breeders can have a relatively high level of confidence that genetic material with high yield potential should rank consistently across Tasmanian environments. Results presented in the paper will be useful in developing management and breeding strategies to increase potential yield across the HRZ of southern Australia.