Associations of Early Socio-familial Stress with Maladaptive and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: Roles of Executive Control and Foundational Cognitive Abilities.
Associations of Early Socio-familial Stress with Maladaptive and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: Roles of Executive Control and Foundational Cognitive Abilities.
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早期社会家庭压力与童年中期适应不良和适应性功能的关联：执行控制和基础认知能力的作用。
DOI：
10.1007/s11121-020-01119-1
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nelson,TimothyD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mason,WAlex;Fleming,CharlesB;Tomaso,CaraC;James,TiffanyD;Nelson,JenniferMize;Espy,KimberlyAndrews;Nelson,TimothyD
本研究考察了学龄前儿童的认知过程--被概念化为执行控制(EC)和基础认知能力(FCA)的一个整体结构--是否能预测儿童中期的适应不良和适应功能，以及儿童早期社会家庭压力与这些功能结果之间的中介联系。在实验室环境中收集了313名5岁学龄前儿童的基于表现的、多维度的和适合年龄的EC和FCA测量，以及儿童及其父母关于早期社会家庭压力和父母吸烟三个维度的问卷数据。其中285名儿童的父母、教师和儿童的自我报告数据是在他们三年级或四年级时获得的。童年中期的数据被用来创建适应不良和适应功能指数。双因素结构方程模型分析捕捉了学龄前儿童EC和FCA的不同维度，并用来检验假设的路径。EC与后来的适应功能不良之间存在统计学上显著的负相关。FCA，而不是EC，在每种类型的家庭应激源与儿童期中期适应不良和适应功能之间的联系中起到了中介作用。结果表明，EC可能在预测适应不良中起作用，而儿童早期FCA可能在从早期家庭应激源到随后的适应不良以及适应的通路中起到中介变量的作用。研究结果表明，有必要通过减少早期家庭压力来解决FCA问题。加强认知能力的早期干预可能有助于减少适应不良并促进儿童后期的适应功能，从而潜在地防止后来的行为问题。
This study examined whether cognitive processes in preschool, conceptualized as a unitary construct of executive control (EC) as well as foundational cognitive abilities (FCA), predict both maladaptive and adaptive functioning in middle childhood and mediate associations between early childhood socio-familial stress and those functional outcomes. Performance-based, multidimensional, and age-appropriate measures of EC and FCA were collected in a laboratory setting from 313 preschool-age children at age 5, along with questionnaire data from children and their parents on three dimensions of early socio-familial stress and parent smoking. Parent, teacher, and child self-report data on 285 of these children were obtained when they were in grade 3 or 4. Middle childhood data were used to create indices of maladaptive and adaptive functioning. A bi-factor structural equation modeling analysis captured distinct dimensions of preschool EC and FCA and was used to test the hypothesized pathways. EC had a statistically significant negative association with later maladaptive functioning. FCA, but not EC, served as a mediator in links between each type of family stressor and both maladaptive and adaptive functioning in middle childhood. Results suggest that EC may play a role in predicting maladaptation, whereas early childhood FCA may operate as an intervening variable in pathways from early family stressors to subsequent maladaptation as well as adaptation. Findings point to the need to address FCA by reducing early family stressors. Early interventions that enhance cognitive abilities may help reduce maladaptive and promote adaptive functioning later in childhood, thereby potentially preventing, in turn, later behavioral problems.