Trends in diagnosis and control of bovine mastitis: a review.
Trends in diagnosis and control of bovine mastitis: a review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3923/pjbs.2013.1653.1661
复制
发表时间：
2013-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kumar, Sushil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deb, Rajib;Kumar, Amit;Kumar, Sushil
就世界各地发生的经济损失而言，乳腺炎（乳腺炎症）是最具破坏性的疾病。病原可能因气候而异；动物种类和畜牧业包括各种各样的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌；和真菌。它们可能是传染性的，即金黄色葡萄球菌；无乳链球菌或环境中的无乳链球菌、uberis、牛棒状杆菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。常规诊断测试，即加州乳腺炎测试（CMT）；现场条件下采用R-mastitest和Mast-O-test方法；而体细胞计数和散装罐体细胞计数（BTSCC）分别用于早期乳腺炎检测和亚临床或慢性乳腺炎检测。基于体外培养的诊断需要进一步研究，因为它们只能检测活细胞。聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术的出现及其多种版本，如多重和实时PCR，提高了诊断的速度和灵敏度。循环微RNA （miRNA）诊断；免疫分析和基于蛋白质组学的检测以及生物芯片和生物传感器被证明是诊断医生对这种经济上重要的疾病进行高级诊断的资产。改善挤奶卫生；实施挤奶后奶头消毒；挤奶设备的定期控制；挤奶令的执行；改善床上用品是预防乳腺炎新发病例的一般措施。使用抗生素（乳内输注；细菌素）和草药（Terminalia spp.）对预防和治疗很重要。疫苗，即细胞疫苗；重组（葡萄球菌肠毒素C型突变体）或嵌合（paa）；活菌（S. uberis 0140J染色为基础）和细菌表面提取物为基础；基于dna和基于dna -蛋白的治疗对奶牛乳腺炎的治疗有很大的帮助。利用toll样受体（TLR） 2和4、白细胞介素（IL） 8等新型生物标志物进行群体感应和抗病育种乳腺癌1型易感蛋白（BRCA1）和钙通道电压依赖性α 2/ δ亚单位1 （CACNA2D1）也是不可或缺的。这篇迷你综述概述了所有这些不同的方面，作为趋势设定者，就牛乳腺炎的诊断和控制而言，以帮助诊断医生；流行病学家和研究人员不能对这种严重的疾病一无所知。
Mastitis (inflammation of mammary gland) is a most devastating disease condition in terms of economic losses occurring throughout the world. The etiological agents may vary from place to place depending on climate; animal species and animal husbandry and include wide variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria; and fungi. They may be either contagious viz. Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae or environmental viz. S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, Corynebacterium bovis and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Conventional diagnostic tests viz. California Mastitis Test (CMT); R-mastitest and Mast-O-test methods are applied under field conditions; whereas somatic cell count and Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Count (BTSCC) are useful for early mastitis detection and detection of sub clinical or chronic mastitis respectively. In vitro culture based diagnosis require further study as they can detect only viable cells. The advent of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology along with its various versions like multiplex and real time PCR has improved the rapidity and sensitivity of diagnosis. Circulating micro RNA (miRNA) based diagnosis; immune assay and proteomics based detection along with biochips and biosensors prove to be asset to diagnosticians for advanced diagnosis of this economically important condition. Improvement of milking hygiene; implementation of post-milking teat disinfection; regular control of the milking equipments; implementation of milking order; Improvement of bedding material are the general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis. The use of antibiotics (intramammary infusions; bacteriocins) and herbs (Terminalia spp.) are important for prophylaxis and therapeutics. Vaccines viz. cell based; Recombinant (staphylococcal enterotoxin type C mutant) or chimeric (pauA); live (S. uberis 0140J stain based) and bacterial surface extract based; DNA-based and DNA-protein based have greatly aided in management of bovine mastitis. Quorum sensing and disease resistant breeding using novel biomarkers viz. toll like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, interleukin (IL) 8; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and calcium channel voltage-dependent alpha 2/delta sub unit 1 (CACNA2D1) are also indispensable. This mini review gives an overview of all these different aspects that act as trend setters as far as the diagnosis and control of bovine mastitis is concerned to help the diagnosticians; epidemiologists and researchers not to remain ignorant about this grave condition.