Orientation in high-flying migrant insects in relation to flows: mechanisms and strategies.
Orientation in high-flying migrant insects in relation to flows: mechanisms and strategies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0392
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发表时间：
2016-09-26
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chapman JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reynolds AM;Reynolds DR;Sane SP;Hu G;Chapman JW
高空飞行的昆虫迁徙者显示出复杂的飞行方向，例如，可以利用顺风最大化飞行距离，并减少季节性最佳方向的漂移。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的理论和经验证据的机制的选择和维持观察到的飞行航向，以及风向和速度的检测，昆虫在地面以上数百米飞行。可能使用不同的机制——视情况而定（如白天或夜间迁徙）——对地面明显运动的视觉感知或由风的内在特征维持的机械感觉线索。除了假定的湍流引起的速度、加速度和温度线索外，我们提出了一个新的数学分析，表明“jerks”（加速度的时间导数）可以提供海拔风向的指标。简要讨论了不同定向策略的适应性优势，并将这些新发现与其他飞行和游泳生物的最新研究进行了比较，将昆虫的这些新发现置于更广泛的背景下。本文是“在移动的媒介中移动：飞行的新视角”主题的一部分。
High-flying insect migrants have been shown to display sophisticated flight orientations that can, for example, maximize distance travelled by exploiting tailwinds, and reduce drift from seasonally optimal directions. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence for the mechanisms underlying the selection and maintenance of the observed flight headings, and the detection of wind direction and speed, for insects flying hundreds of metres above the ground. Different mechanisms may be used—visual perception of the apparent ground movement or mechanosensory cues maintained by intrinsic features of the wind—depending on circumstances (e.g. day or night migrations). In addition to putative turbulence-induced velocity, acceleration and temperature cues, we present a new mathematical analysis which shows that ‘jerks’ (the time-derivative of accelerations) can provide indicators of wind direction at altitude. The adaptive benefits of the different orientation strategies are briefly discussed, and we place these new findings for insects within a wider context by comparisons with the latest research on other flying and swimming organisms. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.