Low evolutionary potential for egg-to-adult viability in Drosophila melanogaster at high temperatures
Low evolutionary potential for egg-to-adult viability in Drosophila melanogaster at high temperatures
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12617
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sgro, Carla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kristensen, Torsten N.;Overgaard, Johannes;Sgro, Carla
为了应对气候变化下不断增加和难以预测的气温预报，许多陆地外温带动物将不得不通过塑料或进化手段迁徙或依赖适应。研究表明，一些外温动物通过进化转变改变其温度上限的潜力有限，但研究主要集中在实验室条件下的成年生命阶段。在这里，我们使用黑腹果蝇的复制种群和嵌套的半同胞/全同胞数量遗传设计来估计实验室和半自然条件下的卵到成虫存活率的遗传力和遗传方差分量，包括两个不同种群中的寒冷、温和和高温。结果表明，卵到成虫存活率存在温度特异性遗传力和加性遗传方差。在受控的实验室条件下，与高温相比，低温和良性条件下的遗传力和遗传方差更高。在半自然条件下也观察到在较高温度下进化潜力较低的趋势，尽管在野外环境中结果不太清楚。总体而言，结果表明，已经经历了接近其热耐受上限的温度的外温动物，通过进化的方式适应更高温度的能力有限。
To cope with the increasing and less-predictable temperature forecasts under climate change, many terrestrial ectotherms will have to migrate or rely on adaptation through plastic or evolutionary means. Studies suggest that some ectotherms have a limited potential to change their upper thermal limits via evolutionary shifts, but research has mostly focused on adult life stages under laboratory conditions. Here we use replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster and a nested half-sib/full-sib quantitative genetic design to estimate heritabilities and genetic variance components for egg-to-adult viability under both laboratory and seminatural field conditions, encompassing cold, benign, and hot temperatures in two separate populations. The results demonstrated temperature-specific heritabilities and additive genetic variances for egg-to-adult viability. Heritabilities and genetic variances were higher under cold and benign compared to hot temperatures when tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Tendencies toward lower evolutionary potential at higher temperatures were also observed under seminatural conditions although the results were less clear in the field setting. Overall the results suggest that ectotherms that already experience temperatures close to their upper thermal tolerance limits have a restricted capacity to adapt to higher temperatures by evolutionary means.