Origins and implications of apid bees (Hymentopera: Apidae) in French Polynesia
Origins and implications of apid bees (Hymentopera: Apidae) in French Polynesia
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DOI：
10.1111/ens.12230
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Schwarz, Michael P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Groom, Scott V. C.;Stevens, Marki.;Schwarz, Michael P.
岛屿植物-传粉者网络通常比大陆植物-传粉者网络简单，这可能使它们对外来物种的干扰缺乏弹性。法属波利尼西亚蜜蜂的多样性非常低，但它们作为本土或引进物种的地位在很大程度上是推测性的。我们结合联合收割机以前的研究与新的DNA序列数据显示，11种蜜蜂现在已被记录为法属波利尼西亚。单倍型变异的线粒体基因细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（COI）的“条形码”区域的四个这些物种，Ceratina dentipes Freise，Xylocopa sonorina史密斯，Braunsapis puangensis（Cockerell）和Amegilla pulchra（史密斯），表明他们都代表了最近引进。西方蜜蜂是一个有目的的引进物种，四种megachilid物种可能是由于人类通过海洋活动在太平洋的辅助传播。剩下的两个蜜蜂物种，一个身份不明的halictid蜜蜂和colletid蜜蜂Hylaeus（P。）tuamotuensis Michener，仅从20世纪30年代收集的四个标本中集体已知，它们的来源不确定。因此，法属波利尼西亚包括一个地区，最近引进的蜜蜂物种大大压倒任何可能的本土蜜蜂动物群。这些引进可能会对生态系统产生重大影响，包括破坏现有的植物-传粉媒介网络，促进杂草植物物种的传播，以及对农业产生积极影响。未来的生物安保举措需要考虑这些潜在影响和可能的传播途径，以有效控制任何进一步的意外引入。
Island plant-pollinator networks are typically simpler than their continental counterparts and this can make them less resilient to disturbance from exotic species. French Polynesia has a very low diversity of bees, but their status as either native or introduced species has been largely speculative. We combine previous studies with new DNA sequence data to show that 11 bee species have now been recorded for French Polynesia. Haplotype variation at the 'barcode' region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for four of these species, Ceratina dentipes Freise, Xylocopa sonorina Smith, Braunsapis puangensis (Cockerell) and Amegilla pulchra (Smith), indicates that they all represent very recent introductions. Apis mellifera Linnaeus was a purposefully introduced species, and four megachilid species probably arrived due to human-aided dispersal through maritime activities in the Pacific. The two remaining bee species, an unidentified partial specimen of a halictid bee and the colletid bee Hylaeus (P.) tuamotuensis Michener, are collectively known from only four specimens collected in the 1930s and their provenance is uncertain. French Polynesia therefore comprises a region where recently introduced bee species greatly overwhelm any possible native bee fauna. These introductions are likely to have major ecosystem impacts, including disruptions of existing plant-pollinator networks and facilitating the spread of weedy plant species, as well as positive impacts for agriculture. Future biosecurity initiatives need to consider these potential impacts and the likely routes of dispersal to effectively control any further unintended introductions.