Solving Deforestation, Protecting and Managing Key Water Catchments in Malawi Using Smart Public and Private Partnerships
Solving Deforestation, Protecting and Managing Key Water Catchments in Malawi Using Smart Public and Private Partnerships
复制标题
利用明智的公共和私营合作伙伴关系解决马拉维的森林砍伐问题，保护和管理主要集水区
DOI：
10.5539/jsd.v8n8p251
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Mwase
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Wiyo;L. Fiwa;W. Mwase
砍伐森林、生境丧失和森林退化是马拉维今天面临的最严重问题，其原因是人口增长加快。集水区的森林砍伐与国有电力生产公司（马拉维供电委员会）的停电和半公共性质的供水委员会在旱季和雨季由于河流沉积和低流量而供水不足有直接关系。因此，水电公用事业、私营部门和社区都受到毁林影响的严重影响。为了解决马拉维的森林砍伐问题，该国需要采取多部门综合办法，在公共、半公共和私营部门之间建立明智的伙伴关系，支持以社区为基础的植树造林和森林再生方案。建议通过一项议会法案设立马拉维重新造林和环境保护局，以筹集资金，资助植树造林和森林再生活动。小额非禁止性税收对选定的关键产品，如水，啤酒，电力，糖，茶，咖啡和烟草，可以引入（行政税），以资助MAREPA基金。这将通过生态系统服务付费（PES）来实现，其中政府，半公共水电公用事业，私营部门，发展伙伴，民间社会将通过保护森林资源为所提供的服务付费，这反过来又减少了关键集水区的沉积。生态系统服务可包括碳固存、消费和水力发电用水保护、生物多样性保护和自然景观保护。拟议的MAREPA可以提供一种方式，为可持续的造林和森林再生方案提供资金，而不是各利益攸关方在没有协调的情况下独立处理马拉维的森林砍伐问题。可以成立一个多部门工作队，认真审查《马拉维造林和森林再生计划》的可行性，并制定一个监管框架和税收制度，以满足马拉维造林和森林再生目标的年度资金需求。
Deforestation, habitat loss and forest degradation are the most critical issues facing Malawi today driven by higher population growth. Deforestation in water catchments has a direct link to the blackouts of the state-owned power producing company (Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi, ESCOM) and to the inadequate water supply by the semi-public Water Boards, both in dry and wet seasons due to sedimentation and low flows in the rivers. As a result, water and power utilities, private sector and communities are all severely affected by the impacts of deforestation. To solve deforestation in Malawi, the country requires a multi-sectoral integrated approach through creation of smart partnerships between public, semi-public and private sectors to support community-based afforestation and forest regeneration programmes. It is proposed that Malawi Reforestation and Environmental Protection Authority (MAREPA) be established through an Act of Parliament to collect funds and finance afforestation and forest regeneration activities. A small non-prohibitive tax (administrative levy) on selected key products, such as water, beer, electricity, sugar, tea, coffee, and tobacco, could be introduced to finance the MAREPA fund. This will be achieved through Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), where a smart partnership among government, semi-public water and power utilities, private sector, development partners, and civil society would be paying for services rendered through conservation of forest resources which in turn reduces sedimentation in key water catchments. The ecosystem services could include carbon sequestration, water protection for consumption and hydroelectric power generation, biodiversity conservation, and natural landscape preservation. The proposed MAREPA can provide a way to finance sustainably afforestation and forest regeneration programmes instead of various stakeholders independently tackling deforestation in Malawi without coordination. A multi-sectorial taskforce could be formed to carefully review the feasibility of MAREPA and set a regulatory framework and a tax regime to cover annual funding needs for Malawi’s afforestation and forest regeneration aims.