Niche specialization of terrestrial archaeal ammonia oxidizers
Niche specialization of terrestrial archaeal ammonia oxidizers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1109000108
复制
发表时间：
2011-12-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nicol, Graeme W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gubry-Rangin, Cecile;Hai, Brigitte;Nicol, Graeme W.
土壤pH是微生物生态系统过程的主要决定因素，也是控制土壤硝化作用的氨氧化菌进化、适应和多样性的主要驱动力。古生菌是土壤微生物群落的主要组成部分，对某些土壤中的氨氧化有重要贡献。为了确定pH是否驱动土壤古氨氧化菌的进化适应和群落结构，在全球、区域和局部尺度上对氨氧化的关键功能基因amoA的序列进行了研究。全球分布的数据库序列聚为18个有良好支持的系统发育谱系，它们主导着特定的土壤pH范围，被归类为酸性(pH和lt；5)、酸性(5=7)。为了确定模式是否在区域和地方尺度上重现，从英国47种土壤(pH 3.5-8.7)提取的DNA中扩增了amoA基因片段，其中包括7种土壤在同一地点(pH 4.5-7.5)形成的pH梯度。对amoA基因片段的高通量测序和分析发现了另外一个以前未被发现的系统发育谱系，并揭示了全球、区域和局部尺度上与pH相关的相似分布模式，这对五个最丰富的簇最为明显。古细菌Amoa丰度和多样性随着土壤pH的升高而增加，这是唯一一个显著影响群落结构的物理化学特征。这些结果表明，进化是基于对土壤pH和生态位专门化的特定适应，导致了对土壤生态系统功能和氮循环具有重要影响的古生菌谱系的全球分布。
Soil pH is a major determinant of microbial ecosystem processes and potentially a major driver of evolution, adaptation, and diversity of ammonia oxidizers, which control soil nitrification. Archaea are major components of soil microbial communities and contribute significantly to ammonia oxidation in some soils. To determine whether pH drives evolutionary adaptation and community structure of soil archaeal ammonia oxidizers, sequences of amoA, a key functional gene of ammonia oxidation, were examined in soils at global, regional, and local scales. Globally distributed database sequences clustered into 18 well-supported phylogenetic lineages that dominated specific soil pH ranges classified as acidic (pH < 5), acido-neutral (5 = 7). To determine whether patterns were reproduced at regional and local scales, amoA gene fragments were amplified from DNA extracted from 47 soils in the United Kingdom (pH 3.5-8.7), including a pH-gradient formed by seven soils at a single site (pH 4.5-7.5). High-throughput sequencing and analysis of amoA gene fragments identified an additional, previously undiscovered phylogenetic lineage and revealed similar pH-associated distribution patterns at global, regional, and local scales, which were most evident for the five most abundant clusters. Archaeal amoA abundance and diversity increased with soil pH, which was the only physicochemical characteristic measured that significantly influenced community structure. These results suggest evolution based on specific adaptations to soil pH and niche specialization, resulting in a global distribution of archaeal lineages that have important consequences for soil ecosystem function and nitrogen cycling.