Flame-retardant mechanism of expandable polystyrene foam with a macromolecular nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant
Flame-retardant mechanism of expandable polystyrene foam with a macromolecular nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant
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高分子氮磷膨胀型阻燃剂可发性聚苯乙烯泡沫的阻燃机理
DOI：
10.1002/app.44356
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发表时间：
2017-01-05
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bai, Shibing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Gang;Chen, Xue;Bai, Shibing
可发性聚苯乙烯（EPS）泡沫主要用作建筑物和建筑物中的隔热外墙，但由于其多孔结构中存在几乎98%的空气，其高表面积与质量比及其元素组成，因此其极其易燃。近年来，由EPS泡沫引发的严重火灾给人们的财产和生命安全造成了极大的威胁。因此，迫切需要一种无卤、阻燃的EPS，其制备仍然是一个全球性的挑战。针对EPS泡沫在燃烧过程中易形成熔滴、不易形成炭层的问题，选用一种高分子氮磷膨胀型阻燃剂（MNP）制备阻燃EPS泡沫，获得了良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。扫描电子显微镜表征表明，MNP可以渗透到微珠之间的差距中，并在微珠表面形成一层薄的物理包覆层。热重-傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明，MNP在热解过程中产生了含氮的不可燃气体。当MNP含量增加到30%时，EPS-MNP泡沫的极限氧指数和发烟密度率分别为28.8和23.6，达到UL 94 V-0级。此外，EPS-MNP泡沫的热释放速率、总热释放量、烟产生速率和二氧化碳产生量均明显降低，这归因于MNP在凝聚相和气相中的阻燃作用。© 2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc. J.应用聚合物Sci. 2017，134，44356。
Expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam is largely used as the thermally insulating external wall in buildings and constructions, but it is extremely flammable because of the presence of almost 98% air into its porous structure, its high surface-area-to-mass ratio, and its elemental composition. Lots of serious fire disasters caused by EPS foam have posed great threats to people's properties and lives in recent years. Thus, a halogen-free, flame-retardant EPS is urgently needed, and its preparation is still a global challenge. To solve the problem that it is easy for EPS foam to form melt dripping and difficult for it to generate a char layer during the combustion process, a macromolecular nitrogen–phosphorus intumescent flame retardant (MNP) was selected to prepare flame-retardant EPS foam and good mechanical and flame-retardant properties were obtained. The scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that MNP could penetrate into the gap between the beads, and a thin physical coating layer formed on the surface of the bead. The data from the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared test indicated that a nitrogenous noncombustible gas was generated by the pyrolysis of MNP. When the MNP content increased to 30%, the limiting oxygen index and the smoking density rate of the EPS–MNP foam were 28.8 and 23.6, respectively, and a UL94 V-0 classification was achieved. In addition, the heat-release rate, total heat-release, smoke produce rate, and carbon dioxide production of the EPS–MNP foams all decreased obviously; this was attributed to the flame-retardant effects of MNP in both the condensed and gas phases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44356.