A Global Climatology of Wind-Wave Interaction
A Global Climatology of Wind-Wave Interaction
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DOI：
10.1175/2010jpo4377.1
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Peter P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanley, Kirsty E.;Belcher, Stephen E.;Sullivan, Peter P.
一般来说，海浪被认为是表面风的阻力，因此动量从大气层向下传递到海浪中。最近的观测表明，当长波长波的特点是远程产生的膨胀传播速度比表面风，动量也可以向上转移。这种向上的动量转移加速了近地面的风，导致了低层波浪驱动的风射流。以前的研究表明，动量通量的符号反转是很好地预测的逆波龄，表面风速的比值，在频谱的峰值波的速度。来自40年ECMWF再分析（ERA-40）的数据已被用于计算逆波年龄的全球分布，以确定是否有海洋区域通常处于风驱动的波浪状态和其他通常处于波浪驱动的风状态。被发现的风驱动的波政权最经常发生在中纬度风暴路径风速一般都很高。波浪驱动的风况在热带地区普遍存在，那里的风速通常很小，并且涌浪可以从高纬度的风暴中传播。逆波龄也是当地风场和波场之间耦合程度的一个有用指标。提出的气候学强调了当地风场和波浪场之间存在的不平衡，并强调了全球海洋中涌浪的重要性。
Generally, ocean waves are thought to act as a drag on the surface wind so that momentum is transferred downward, from the atmosphere into the waves. Recent observations have suggested that when long wavelength waves which are characteristic of remotely generated swell propagate faster than the surface wind, momentum can also be transferred upward. This upward momentum transfer acts to accelerate the near-surface wind, resulting in a low-level wave-driven wind jet. Previous studies have suggested that the sign reversal of the momentum flux is well predicted by the inverse wave age, the ratio of the surface wind speed to the speed of the waves at the peak of the spectrum. Data from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) have been used here to calculate the global distribution of the inverse wave age to determine whether there are regions of the ocean that are usually in the wind-driven wave regime and others that are generally in the wave-driven wind regime. The wind-driven wave regime is found to occur most often in the midlatitude storm tracks where wind speeds are generally high. The wave-driven wind regime is found to be prevalent in the tropics where wind speeds are generally light and swell can propagate from storms at higher latitudes. The inverse wave age is also a useful indicator of the degree of coupling between the local wind and wave fields. The climatologies presented emphasize the nonequilibrium that exists between the local wind and wave fields and highlight the importance of swell in the global oceans.