PoWaP: Proof of Work at Proximity for a crowdsensing system for collaborative traffic information gathering
PoWaP: Proof of Work at Proximity for a crowdsensing system for collaborative traffic information gathering
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DOI：
10.1016/j.iot.2019.02.006
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fujihara, Akihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fujihara, Akihiro
自从互联网上第一个电子价值交换系统：比特币出现以来，区块链技术开始流行。即使在没有任何权威可依赖的情况下，该技术也能够实现可靠的数据结构，防止篡改，而是检查加入系统的每个人的一致性。但目前区块链技术的实际应用是发行货币，主要用于市场投机或金钱游戏。另一方面，许多研究人员和软件开发人员认为，它不仅适用于改进当今的银行系统，而且适用于在不依赖任何集中控制系统的情况下为非银行领域创建新的解决方案。在智慧城市交通技术领域，最近研究了自动驾驶联网汽车与物联网的结合，以实现更高效、更安全的交通。为了通过有效控制出行来减少交通拥堵，有必要自动收集有关城市道路上的交通流量和封路情况的高清交通信息。本文提出了一种用于协作收集交通信息的分布式人群感知系统。在该系统中，特殊的信标设备被假定由许多未指定的个人沿路段部署，例如今天的 Wi-Fi 路由器。这些地理位置接近的设备使用工作量证明 (PoW) 协作并自动将路段中通过的车辆记录到区块链中。这一过程是通过发行自己的数字货币来激励的。该系统还通过相互引用多个路段的区块链来增强防篡改性能。通过按时间顺序将交通数据保存到区块链中的区块中，每个信标可以参考交通计数和异常交通，例如交通拥堵和事故。为了评估所提出的系统，我们演示了一些简单的数值模拟，以展示系统如何做出基于 PoW 的局部共识，以及区块链如何响应路段中的准实时交通状态。 (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Blockchain technologies has become popular since the appearance of the first electric value exchange system on the Internet: Bitcoin. This technologies enable reliable data structure against tampering even in the absence of any authority to rely on, instead to check consistency with everyone who joins in the system. At present, however, the practical application of the blockchain technologies is to issue currency mainly traded for market speculation or money game. On the other hand, many researchers and software developers believe its applicability not only to improving today's bank systems but also to creating a new solution to nonbank areas without relying on any centralized control system. In the field of transportation technologies for smart city, the combination of self-driving connected cars and IoT have been recently studied to achieve more efficient and safer transportation. To encourage a reduction of traffic jams by controlling mobility efficiently, it is necessary to automatically gather high-definition traffic information about traffic counts and road closures on urban roads. In this paper, a distributed crowdsensing system for collaborative gathering of traffic information is proposed. In the system, special beacon devices are asumed to be deployed along road segments by many unspecified individuals like today's Wi-Fi routers. These devices at geographical proximity collaboratively and automatically record which vehicles passed in the road segment into the blockchain using Proof of Work (PoW). This process is incentivized by issuing its own digital currency. The system also enhances anti-tampering performance by cross-referencing blockchains of multiple road segments with each other. By chronologically saving traffic data into blocks in the blockchain, each beacon can refer traffic count and abnormal traffic, such as traffic jam and accidents. To evaluate the proposed system, we demonstrate some simple numerical simulations to show how the system makes localized PoW based consensus, and also the blockchain responds to quasi-real-time traffic status in the road segment. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.