Hermes: A Real Time Hypervisor for Mobile and IoT Systems
Hermes: A Real Time Hypervisor for Mobile and IoT Systems
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Hermes：适用于移动和物联网系统的实时管理程序
DOI：
10.1145/3177102.3177103
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Banerjee, Suman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klingensmith, Neil;Banerjee, Suman
我们介绍了Hermes，一个用于非MMU微控制器的管理程序。Hermes使高性能裸机应用程序能够在单个CPU上与RTOS和其他时间要求较低的软件共存。我们通过实验证明，实时操作系统调度程序并不总是为I/O事件提供确定性的响应时间，这可能会导致实时工作负载不可调度。Hermes通过在硬件I/O设备和为它们提供服务的软件之间添加一层抽象层来解决这个问题，使I/O事务真正具有确定性。低功耗移动和嵌入式系统上的虚拟化还支持一些有趣的软件功能，如安全执行第三方应用程序、软件完整性证明以及多任务软件环境中的裸机性能。这些功能还需要额外的硬件(即多个CPU、硬件TPM等)，或者可能根本不可用。在其他项目中，我们注意到实时操作系统并不总是能够对时间敏感的操作做出足够快和足够确定的响应，特别是在高I/O负载的情况下。我们通过在RTOS环境中测量中断延迟并与Hermes的实验实现进行比较来验证这个观察到的时序问题。我们发现，不仅虚拟环境中的中断延迟更低，而且它也更具确定性-这是实时软件系统的关键优点。我们讨论了在没有内存管理单元的CPU上实现管理程序的挑战，并提供了一些初步的解决方案和变通方法。接下来，我们将探讨虚拟化在移动和物联网软件中的其他一些应用。
We present Hermes, a hypervisor for MMU-less microcontrollers. Hermes enables high-performance bare metal applications to coexist with RTOSes and other less time-critical software on a single CPU. We experimentally demonstrate that a real-time operating system scheduler does not always provide deterministic response times for I/O events, which can cause real-time workloads to be unschedulable. Hermes solves this problem by adding a layer of abstraction between the hardware I/O devices and the software that services them, making I/O transactions truly deterministic. Virtualization on low-power mobile and embedded systems also enables some interesting software capabilities like secure execution of third-party apps, software integrity attestation, and bare metal performance in a multitasking software environment. These features otherwise require additional hardware (i.e. multiple CPUs, hardware TPM, etc) or may not be available at all. In other projects, we have anecdotally noticed that real time operating systems are not always able to respond quickly and deterministically enough to time-sensitive operations, particularly under high I/O load. We validate this observed timing problem by measuring interrupt latency in an RTOS environment and comparing to an experimental implementation of Hermes. We find that not only is the interrupt latency lower in the virtualized environment, but it is also much more deterministic---a key figure of merit for real-time software systems. We discuss challenges of implementing a hypervisor on a CPU with no memory management unit, and we present some preliminary solutions and workarounds. We go on to explore some other applications of virtualization to mobile and IoT software.
RT-Open Stack：实时云计算的 CPU 资源管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing
影响因子：
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作者：
I. Jado;C. Carranza;J. Barandika;Álvaro Toledo;C. García;B. Serrano;M. Bolaños;H. Gil;R. Escudero;A. García;Á. Olmeda;I. Astobiza;Bruno Lobo;Manuela Rodríguez;J. Pérez;F. López;F. Pascual;G. Cilla;N. F. Rodríguez;P. Anda
通讯作者：
P. Anda
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
BuildSys@SenSys
影响因子：
--
作者：
Neil Klingensmith;Dale Willis;Suman Banerjee
通讯作者：
Suman Banerjee