Factors associated with early embryonic mortality
Factors associated with early embryonic mortality
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DOI：
10.1079/wps20010025
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Christensen, VL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christensen, VL
胚胎死亡并不是在孵化的所有日子里随机发生的(Christensen，1978；Lerner等人，1993；Krueger，1993)。前三个月和第三个三个月的胚胎死亡多于第二个三个月。在鸡中观察到的“早期胚胎死亡”的频率在2-4天之间增加，在火鸡中在3-6天之间增加(Hutt and Pilkey，1930；Insko和Martin，1935；Christensen，1978；Lerner et al.，1993；Krueger，1993)。当比较老的(Hutt和Pilkey，1930；Insko和Martin，1935)和较新的研究(Lerner等人，1993；Krueger，1993)时，这些孵化早期阶段的死亡率增加的频率在两个时期都是相似的。许多生理和遗传事件发生在发育的最初几天。以下是对这些事件的简要描述。事态的发展比下面描述的要复杂得多，所以对更多细节感兴趣的读者可以参考其他论文(Hamburger和Hamilton，1951；EYAL-Giladi，1984；Gupta和Bakst，1993)。在EYAL-Giladi和Kochav(1984)鸡中，I-X阶段发生在产卵之前，XI-XIII阶段发生在孵化的最初24小时内。本文中讨论的其余阶段由Hamburger和Hamilton(1951)阶段1-24描述。在土耳其，Gupta和Bakst(1997)阶段I-VII发生在产卵之前，随后的阶段VIII-XIII发生在孵化的头48小时内。其余的阶段由汉堡包和汉密尔顿(1951)阶段1-18描述。
Embryonic mortality does not occur randomly at all days of incubation (Christensen, 1978; Lerner et al., 1993; Krueger, 1993). More embryos die in the first and third trimesters than in the second. The frequency of "early embryonic mortality" has been observed to increase between 2 and 4 days in the chicken and between 3 and 6 days in the turkey (Hutt and Pilkey, 1930; Insko and Martin, 1935; Christensen, 1978; Lerner et al., 1993; Krueger, 1993). When comparisons are made between older (Hutt and Pilkey, 1930; Insko and Martin, 1935) and more recent studies (Lerner et al., 1993; Krueger, 1993), the increased frequencies of mortality at these early stages of incubation are similar at both periods of time.Many physiological and genetic events occur during the initial days of development. A brief description of these events is included below. The development is far more complex than is portrayed below, so the reader interested in greater detail is referred to additional papers (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951; Eyal-Giladi, 1984; Gupta and Bakst, 1993). In the chicken Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (1984) stages I-X occur before oviposition and stages XI-XIII occur within the first 24 hours of incubation. The remaining stages discussed in the current paper are described by the Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stages 1-24. In the turkey Gupta and Bakst (1997) stages I-VII occur before oviposition and the subsequent stages VIII-XIII occur during the first 48 hours of incubation. The remaining stages are described by the Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stages 1-18.