Attitudinal adjustment about dementia awareness and assessment: finetuning inclusion, diversity, and measurement of behavioral and psychological symptoms.
Attitudinal adjustment about dementia awareness and assessment: finetuning inclusion, diversity, and measurement of behavioral and psychological symptoms.
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关于痴呆症认知和评估的态度调整：微调包容性、多样性以及行为和心理症状的测量。
DOI：
10.1017/s1041610222000886
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Babulal,GaneshM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ismail,Zahinoor;Babulal,GaneshM
联合国前秘书长潘基文说：“移民是人类对尊严、安全和更美好未来的渴望的表达。它是社会结构的一部分，是我们作为一个人类大家庭的组成部分。”事实上，人们在全球范围内移徙的原因有很多，既有积极的，也有消极的。有些人搬到新的国家是为了更好的经济或教育前景，或与家人团聚;另一些人搬迁（自愿或被迫）是为了逃避贫困，武装冲突/暴力，宗教和/或政治压迫或迫害。不管原因如何，移民都受到多重文化适应压力的影响，这些压力来自对新国家的艰难调整、失去家庭支持、社会经济困难和歧视经历（斯滕贝格等人，移民还可能与痴呆症相互作用，这是全球范围内日益关注的问题，预计患病率将从5500万（2021年）增加到2030年的7800万，到2050年将增加到1.52亿。值得注意的是，全世界10个痴呆症患者中有6个目前生活在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）（利文斯顿等人，2020年）。然而，目前的估计表明，大约3/4的患有痴呆的个体未被诊断，并且对于LMIC，这个数字可能更高（Gauthier等人，2021年）。虽然这些国家已经面临重大的社会、经济和医疗保健问题，但痴呆症是LMIC国家和区域议程中的额外和关键问题，对诊断、预后、护理计划和预防构成挑战（Mattap等人，2022年）。除了制定当地解决方案外，还可以在这些国家实施调整已证明具有成本效益的国际倡议的战略，以应对对痴呆症日益严重的关切。这些方法需要专门的资源，建立基础设施，以及训练有素的临床医生，他们具有筛查和诊断痴呆症的专业知识，特别是对于那些最近移民的人。随着全球化，移民，自然灾害，气候变化和冲突在过去几年中有所增加。
Ban Ki-moon, the former secretary general of the United Nations, stated “Migration is an expression of the human aspiration for dignity, safety, and a better future. It is part of the social fabric, part of our very make-up as a human family.” Indeed, people migrate globally for many reasons, both positive and negative. Some move to a new country for better economic or educational prospects, or to reunite with family; others relocate (willingly or forcibly) to escape poverty, armed conflict/violence, religious and/or political oppression, or persecution. Irrespective of the reasons, immigrants are subjected to multiple acculturation stressors from difficult adjustments to a new country, loss of family supports, socioeconomic hardship, and experiences of discrimination (Sternberg et al., 2016), all exacerbated by language and cultural barriers (Ding and Hargraves, 2009).Migration can also interface with dementia, which is a growing concern worldwide with an expected increase in prevalence from 55 million (2021) to 78 million by 2030 to 152 million by 2050. Notably, six out of 10 persons with dementia worldwide currently live in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)(Livingston et al., 2020). However, current estimates suggest that approximately ¾ of individuals with dementia are undiagnosed, and this number may be higher for LMICs (Gauthier et al., 2021). While these countries already face major social, economic, and healthcare problems, dementia is an additional and critical issue in the national and regional agendas of LMICs, posing challenges with respect to diagnosis, prognosis, care programs, and prevention (Mattap et al., 2022). Adaptations of international initiatives that have proven cost-effective, in addition to development of local solutions, are strategies that can be implemented in these countries to respond to the burgeoning concern around dementia. These approaches require dedicated resources, established infrastructures, and trained clinicians with the expertise to screen and diagnose dementia, particularly for those who are recent immigrants. As globalization, immigration, natural disasters, climate change, and conflicts have increased over the