HOW A COCKPIT REMEMBERS ITS SPEEDS
HOW A COCKPIT REMEMBERS ITS SPEEDS
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DOI：
10.1207/s15516709cog1903_1
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发表时间：
1995-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
HUTCHINS, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUTCHINS, E
认知科学通常将个体主体作为其分析单位。然而，在许多人类努力中，感兴趣的结果并不完全由个人的信息处理特性决定。它们也不能单独从个体行为者的属性中推断出来，不管这些个体的属性的知识有多么详细。例如，在商业航空中，成功完成飞行是由一个系统产生的，该系统通常包括两个或更多个相互交互的飞行员以及一套技术设备。本文提出了一个理论框架，采取分布式，社会技术系统，而不是一个人的头脑作为其主要分析单位。这个框架是明确的认知，因为它关注的是信息是如何表示的，以及在执行任务时表示是如何转换和传播的。对商用客机驾驶舱内的记忆任务的分析表明，这种分布式系统的认知特性与居住在其中的个人的认知特性有着根本的不同。
Cognitive science normally takes the individual agent as its unit of analysis. in many human endeavors, however, the outcomes of interest are not determined entirely by the information processing properties of individuals. Nor con they be inferred from the properties of the individual agents, alone, no matter how detailed the knowledge of the properties of those individuals may be. In commercial aviation, for example, the successful completion of a flight is produced by a system that typically includes two or more pilots interacting with each other and with a suite of technological devices. This article presents a theoretical framework that takes a distributed, socio-technical system rather than an individual mind as its primary unit of analysis. This framework is explicitly cognitive in that it is concerned with how information Is represented and how representations are transformed and propagated in the performance of tasks. An analysis of a memory task in the cockpit of a commercial airliner shows how the cognitive properties of such distributed systems can differ radically from the cognitive properties of the individuals who inhabit them.