The ecosystem of expertise: complementary knowledges for sustainable development
The ecosystem of expertise: complementary knowledges for sustainable development
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专业知识生态系统：可持续发展的互补知识
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Karvonen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Brand;A. Karvonen
本文批判性地考察了技术专家的方法，包括工程师、自然科学家、建筑师、规划师和其他从业人员，他们试图创造更可持续的经济发展、环境保护和社会公平形式。作者确定了专业知识的四个主要特征--本体论假设、认识论方法、权力不平等和实际问题--并利用这一框架来测试传统专家提供可持续发展的能力。然后，作者提供了四种替代传统形式的专门知识：与非专家进行有效沟通的外展专家，了解相邻技术学科重叠的跨学科专家，撮合不同形式专门知识之间相关性的多项主张的元专家，以及与非专家和专家进行民主对话的公民专家。所有这些替代形式都是管理可持续发展项目经常相互竞争的需求所必需的，它们可以统称为一个“专业知识生态系统”。
Abstract This article critically examines the approach of technical experts, including engineers, natural scientists, architects, planners, and other practitioners, who are attempting to create more sustainable forms of economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. The authors identify four principal characteristics of expertise–ontological assumptions, epistemological approaches, power inequalities, and practical issues–and employ this framework to test the capability of traditional experts to deliver sustainable development. The authors then provide four alternatives to conventional forms of expertise: the outreach expert who communicates effectively to non-experts, the interdisciplinary expert who understands the overlaps of neighboring technical disciplines, the meta-expert who brokers the multiple claims of relevance between different forms of expertise, and the civic expert who engages in democratic discourse with non-experts and experts alike. All of these alternative forms are needed to manage the often-competing demands of sustainable development projects and they can be described collectively as an “ecosystem of expertise.”