Ball python nidovirus: a candidate etiologic agent for severe respiratory disease in Python regius.
Ball python nidovirus: a candidate etiologic agent for severe respiratory disease in Python regius.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.01484-14
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发表时间：
2014-09-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
DeRisi JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stenglein MD;Jacobson ER;Wozniak EJ;Wellehan JF;Kincaid A;Gordon M;Porter BF;Baumgartner W;Stahl S;Kelley K;Towner JS;DeRisi JL
自20世纪90年代末以来，在圈养球蟒（Python regius）中观察到一种严重的，有时致命的呼吸道疾病。为了更好地了解这种疾病及其病因，我们收集了病例和对照样本，并进行病理和诊断分析。电子显微照片显示，丝状病毒样颗粒在患病动物的肺上皮细胞。对已知病原体的诊断测试没有鉴定出病原体，因此进行了无偏倚的宏基因组测序。大量的巢状病毒样序列在病例中被鉴定出来，并被用于组装一种以前未知的巢状病毒目病毒的基因组。巢状病毒，这是以前不知道感染非鸟类爬行动物，是一个多样化的目的，包括重要的人类和兽医病原体。在所有患病动物（n = 8）中证实了病毒RNA的存在，但在健康蟒蛇或其他蛇（n = 57）中未检测到病毒RNA。肺和其他呼吸道组织中的病毒RNA水平通常最高。33.5kb的病毒基因组是迄今为止描述的最大的RNA基因组，与其他巢状病毒基因组共享典型特征，尽管有几个特征将其与相关病毒区分开来。将该病毒命名为球蟒巢状病毒（BPNV），有望在Torovirinae亚科中建立一个新属。在爬行动物中发现一种新的巢状病毒有助于我们了解相关病毒的生物学和进化，它与蟒蛇肺部疾病的关系是阐明这种长期存在的兽医疾病病因的有希望的一步。球蟒是受欢迎的宠物，因为它们的颜色不同，通常没有攻击性的行为，而且相对较小。自20世纪90年代以来，兽医们一直意识到球蟒体内存在一种不明原因的传染性呼吸道疾病，这种疾病可能是致命的。我们使用无偏鸟枪测序发现了一种新的病毒，该病毒在病例中存在，但在对照中不存在。虽然已知巢状病毒会感染多种动物，但这是首次报道从任何爬行动物中回收到巢状病毒。这份报告将有助于诊断，这将有助于确定这种病毒在疾病病因中的作用，这将有助于在动物园和私人收藏中控制这种疾病。鉴于其与已知的巢病毒的进化差异及其独特的宿主，对爬行动物巢病毒的研究可能会进一步加深我们对人类和其他动物相关疾病以及引起这些疾病的病毒的理解。
A severe, sometimes fatal respiratory disease has been observed in captive ball pythons (Python regius) since the late 1990s. In order to better understand this disease and its etiology, we collected case and control samples and performed pathological and diagnostic analyses. Electron micrographs revealed filamentous virus-like particles in lung epithelial cells of sick animals. Diagnostic testing for known pathogens did not identify an etiologic agent, so unbiased metagenomic sequencing was performed. Abundant nidovirus-like sequences were identified in cases and were used to assemble the genome of a previously unknown virus in the order Nidovirales. The nidoviruses, which were not previously known to infect nonavian reptiles, are a diverse order that includes important human and veterinary pathogens. The presence of the viral RNA was confirmed in all diseased animals (n = 8) but was not detected in healthy pythons or other snakes (n = 57). Viral RNA levels were generally highest in the lung and other respiratory tract tissues. The 33.5-kb viral genome is the largest RNA genome yet described and shares canonical characteristics with other nidovirus genomes, although several features distinguish this from related viruses. This virus, which we named ball python nidovirus (BPNV), will likely establish a new genus in Torovirinae subfamily. The identification of a novel nidovirus in reptiles contributes to our understanding of the biology and evolution of related viruses, and its association with lung disease in pythons is a promising step toward elucidating an etiology for this long-standing veterinary disease. Ball pythons are popular pets because of their diverse coloration, generally nonaggressive behavior, and relatively small size. Since the 1990s, veterinarians have been aware of an infectious respiratory disease of unknown cause in ball pythons that can be fatal. We used unbiased shotgun sequencing to discover a novel virus in the order Nidovirales that was present in cases but not controls. While nidoviruses are known to infect a variety of animals, this is the first report of a nidovirus recovered from any reptile. This report will enable diagnostics that will assist in determining the role of this virus in the causation of disease, which would allow control of the disease in zoos and private collections. Given its evolutionary divergence from known nidoviruses and its unique host, the study of reptile nidoviruses may further our understanding of related diseases and the viruses that cause them in humans and other animals.