Evacuation Shelter Deficits for Socially Vulnerable Texas Residents During Hurricane Harvey
Evacuation Shelter Deficits for Socially Vulnerable Texas Residents During Hurricane Harvey
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DOI：
10.1177/2333392819848885
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发表时间：
2019-05-10
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Horney, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karaye, Ibraheem M.;Thompson, Courtney;Horney, Jennifer A.
背景：美国墨西哥湾沿岸各县的社会弱势居民更容易受到物理危害和灾害相关风险的影响。疏散是减轻社会弱势群体遭受灾害影响的一种方式。然而，目前尚不清楚德克萨斯州指定飓风疏散区的现有疏散避难所容量和位置是否足以容纳有住房和交通需求的人。这项研究估计了休斯顿-加尔维斯顿地区社会弱势居民的需求所产生的疏散避难所赤字。研究方法：空间统计方法，包括全球莫兰的我和Getis-Ord（Gi*）被用来衡量空间自相关性，并确定人口普查区在研究领域的高（热点）和低（冷点）的住房和交通领域的社会脆弱性。在研究区域内的每个县的住房赤字估计以及整个休斯顿-加尔维斯顿大都市统计区。结果：在休斯敦-加尔维斯顿地区指定的疏散区有163 317人的整体住房赤字。该地区的避难所只能容纳36%的有大量住房和交通需求的疏散人员，而4个县中有3个县的疏散避难所不足。赤字最高的是休斯顿所在的哈里斯县，最低的是哈里斯县西南部的农村县马塔戈尔达县。结论：应急管理人员和其他当局应考虑灾害期间社会弱势居民对公共避难所需求的相关数据，并增加某些地点的避难所容量，以解决德克萨斯州指定疏散区弱势人员的疏散避难所短缺问题。
Background: Socially vulnerable residents of US Gulf Coast counties have higher exposure to physical hazards and disaster-associated risks. Evacuation is one way to mitigate the consequences of disaster exposure among socially vulnerable populations. However, it is unknown whether existing evacuation shelter capacity and locations in designated hurricane evacuation zones of Texas are adequate to accommodate persons with housing and transportation needs. This study estimated the evacuation shelter deficit arising from demand from socially vulnerable residents of the Houston-Galveston area. Methods: Spatial statistical methods including Global Moran's I and Getis-Ord (Gi*) were used to measure spatial autocorrelation and identify census tracts in the study area with high (hot spots) and low (cold spots) social vulnerability in both housing and transportation domains. The shelter deficit in each county within the study area was estimated as well as for the entire Houston-Galveston Metropolitan Statistical Area. Results: Designated evacuation zones in the Houston-Galveston area have an overall shelter deficit of 163 317 persons. Shelters in the area can only accommodate 36% of evacuees with significant housing and transportation needs, while 3 of 4 counties had county-specific evacuation shelter deficits. The highest deficits were in Harris County, where Houston is located, and the lowest were in Matagorda County, a rural county southwest of Harris County. Conclusion: Emergency managers and other authorities should consider data related to demand from socially vulnerable residents for public shelters during disasters and increase shelter capacity in certain locations to address evacuation shelter shortage for vulnerable persons in designated evacuation zones of Texas.