CNS regulation of thermogenesis.
CNS regulation of thermogenesis.
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中枢神经系统对生热作用的调节。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. J. Rothwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. J. Rothwell
生热作用（产热的适应性增加）可以响应低环境温度、饮食量或成分的变化以及病原体刺激（例如感染、损伤和炎症）而发生。对这些刺激的生热反应似乎是由交感神经系统的激活介导的，并且至少在实验动物中是由棕色脂肪的产热介导的。生热作用受到中枢神经系统（CNS）的直接控制，特别是下丘脑的特定区域。血清素能途径直接涉及大多数形式的生热作用的中央控制，间接证据表明肾上腺素能和胆碱能机制的参与。多种肽已被证明在注射到实验动物的大脑中时会导致代谢率增加；其中，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）得到了最广泛的研究。 CRF 似乎介导对血清素激动剂、损伤和细胞因子的产热反应，并且可能参与某些遗传性肥胖啮齿动物的产热反应受损。细胞因子，特别是白细胞介素-1 (IL-1) 和 IL-6，在大脑中充当内源性致热原，并通过前列腺素和 CRF 的合成刺激产热。 lipocortin-1、精氨酸加压素和 α MSH 等肽可有效抑制细胞因子的中枢作用。生热作用的药理学改变可能在临床上有益于治疗肥胖、恶病质和发烧等病症。
Thermogenesis (adaptive increases in heat production) can develop in response to low environmental temperature, alterations in the amount or composition of the diet, and pathogenic stimuli, such as infection, injury, and inflammation. Thermogenic responses to each of these stimuli appear to be mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and, at least in experimental animals, by heat production in brown fat. Thermogenesis is under the direct control by the central nervous system (CNS), particularly by specific regions of the hypothalamus. Serotonergic pathways have been directly implicated in the central control of most forms of thermogenesis, and indirect evidence suggests involvement of adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms. Numerous peptides have been shown to induce increases on metabolic rate when injected into the brains of experimental animals; of these, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) has been the most extensively studied. CRF appears to mediate thermogenic responses to serotonergic agonists, injury, and cytokines, and may be involved in impaired thermogenic responses in certain genetically obese rodents. Cytokines, particularly interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, act as endogenous pyrogens in the brain and stimulate thermogenesis via synthesis of prostaglandins and CRF. Peptides such as lipocortin-1, arginine vasopressin, and alpha MSH potently inhibit central effects of cytokines. Pharmacological modification of thermogenesis may be clinically beneficial in treating conditions such as obesity, cachexia, and fever.