Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects.
Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0171883
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Crumley CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armstrong CG;Shoemaker AC;McKechnie I;Ekblom A;Szabó P;Lane PJ;McAlvay AC;Boles OJ;Walshaw S;Petek N;Gibbons KS;Quintana Morales E;Anderson EN;Ibragimow A;Podruczny G;Vamosi JC;Marks-Block T;LeCompte JK;Awâsis S;Nabess C;Sinclair P;Crumley CL
本文介绍了共识驱动过程的结果，通过众包、文献综述和面对面的研讨会，确定了历史生态学的50个优先研究问题。设计了一种审议方法，以最大限度地进行讨论和辩论，并确定结果。在两年的时间里，两次面对面的研讨会（在瑞典和加拿大）和在线讨论由同行促进，从人类学和考古学的角度定义历史生态学的具体关键问题。这项研究的目的是展示各种各样的问题，这些问题反映了跨科学学科的历史生态研究轨迹的广泛范围。历史生态学包括研究十年、百年和千年人类与环境的相互作用，以及这些关系对当代景观形成的影响。我们建立共识的研讨会模式产生了六个相互关联的主题：(1)气候和环境变化和变异；(2)多标量、多学科；(3)生物多样性与群落生态学；（四）资源环境管理与治理；（五）方法和用途；(6)沟通与政策。这些主题所代表的50个问题突出了历史生态学中有意义的趋势，将该领域提炼为三个明确的发现。首先，历史生态学本质上是一个应用研究项目。其次，该项目旨在了解人类与环境的长期相互作用，重点是避免、减轻和扭转不利的生态影响。第三，历史生态学是跨学科研究科学趋同趋势的一部分，它侵蚀了文化与自然的科学界限。
This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.