APA dictionary of psychology, 2nd ed.
APA dictionary of psychology, 2nd ed.
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APA 心理学词典，第二版。
DOI：
10.1037/14646-000
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
G. VandenBos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. VandenBos
40多年来，生活技能一直是儿童和青少年健康促进干预和计划的核心。学校是生活技能教育的战略环境。最近，政策制定者和决策者把重点放在青年的生活技能发展上。对生活技能的研究势头强劲。不同的术语被用来讨论和定义生活技能。研究发现缺乏概念定义。本研究的目的是确定在英语和法语文献中的定义，并达到一个概念和共识的definition.MethodThe范围审查方法。三个研究问题的目的是确定生活技能是如何在学校健康促进领域的定义，看看是否存在一个概念和共识的定义，并在相关的，提出一个概念定义。由3名审查员在5个数据库中进行检索。这项研究的重点是英文或法文的全文出版物、人类研究、学校的健康促进、学生、教师培训，以及生活技能的定义。排除关于课外活动、教师培训以外的高等教育、成人教育以及同行评议的科学论文。结果纳入48篇英文文献和7篇法文文献。NVIVO用于确定和比较用于生活技能及其定义的法语和英语术语。根据这三个研究问题，（一）用于界定生活技能的术语多种多样，数量众多，在学校中与促进健康有关的目的不同，分类不同，涉及不同的研究领域;（二）没有找到关于生活技能的共识性概念定义;（iii）进一步的语义，认识论和本体论的澄清是required.Conclusionsome概念定义的生活技能存在没有共识。生活技能处于不同领域之间的十字路口可以解释这一点，并通过所使用的术语的多样性和多样性以及学校在健康促进中使用的各种分类法和目的来说明。这也可以解释为什么它们很难评估。由于不同领域研究视角的多样性，对生活技能的定义无法达成共识。
BackgroundLife Skills have been central to Health Promotion interventions and programmes with children and adolescents for over 40 years. School is a strategic setting for Life Skills education. Recently, policy-and decision-makers have focused on Life Skills development for youth. Research on Life Skills has gained momentum. Different terms are used to discuss and define Life Skills. Research identifies a lack of conceptual definition. The purpose of this study is to identify the definitions in the literature in English and French, and to reach a conceptual and consensual definition.MethodThe Scoping Review methodology was used. Three research questions aim to identify how Life Skills are defined in the field of health promotion at school, to see whether a conceptual and consensual definition exists, and, if relevant, to propose a conceptual definition. The search was conducted in 5 databases by 3 reviewers. This study focused on full-text publications in English or French, human studies, health promotion in school, school pupils, teacher training, and with a definition of Life Skills. Publications on after-school activities, higher education outside teacher training, adult education, other than peer-reviewed scientific papers were excluded.Results48 publications were included in English and 7 in French. NVIVO was used to determine and compare the French and English terms used for Life Skills and their definitions. According to the three research questions, (i) the terms used to define Life Skills are diverse and numerous, with different purposes at school in relation to health promotion, and different taxonomies, and relate to different areas of research; (ii) no consensual, conceptual definition of Life Skills was found; (iii) further semantic, epistemological and ontological clarifications are required.ConclusionSome conceptual definitions of Life Skills exist without consensus. Life Skills being at the crossroads between different fields could explain this and is illustrated by the multiplicity and diversity of the terms employed, and the various taxonomies and purposes used at school in health promotion. This may also explain why they are difficult to evaluate. Defining Life Skills consensually cannot be achieved due to the diversity of research perspectives from different fields.