Remediation of language processing in aphasia: Improving activation and maintenance of linguistic representations in (verbal) short-term memory
Remediation of language processing in aphasia: Improving activation and maintenance of linguistic representations in (verbal) short-term memory
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DOI：
10.1080/02687038.2011.577284
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Martin, Nadine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalinyak-Fliszar, Michelene;Kohen, Francine;Martin, Nadine
背景：失语症总是存在言语短期记忆（STM）障碍。文字处理涉及最小形式的口头STM，即，语义和语音表征被激活和维持直到它们被理解、产生或重复的时间过程。因此，文字加工和言语短时记忆的损害可能同时发生是合理的。失语症中语言和短时记忆障碍的共同发生激发了一个活跃的研究领域，该研究揭示了这两个系统的关系以及它们的障碍对语言功能和言语学习的影响（Freedman & Martin，2001; Martin & Saffran，1999; Trojano & Grossi，1995）。为了与这一观点保持一致，许多研究人员已经开发了治疗方案来改善言语STM以改善语言功能（例如，Koenig-Bruhin和Studer-Eichenberger，2007年）。这个帐户的失语症预测，治疗的基本能力，如STM，支持语言功能，应导致改善，概括的内容和任务超出了那些实施treatment.Aims：我们调查了疗效的治疗语言障碍，目标是两个语言支持过程：口头短期记忆（STM）和执行处理，在语言任务（重复）的背景下。我们假设，这些能力的治疗将提高重复能力和其他语言的任务，需要STM.Method的性能：一个单一的参与者，多基线，多探针设计跨行为与传导性失语症的参与者。治疗涉及在三个“间隔”条件下重复单词和非单词，这改变了听觉和重复刺激之间的时间。治疗效果的措施，包括收购，维护和后续数据，效果大小，和治疗前和治疗后的表现在一个测试电池，不同的STM和执行功能需求的语言tasks.Outcomes & Results：改善重复主要是特定于处理的刺激。治疗后的语言能力的措施表明，改善单和多个字处理任务，言语工作记忆任务，和言语广度。结论：在单词重复任务的背景下，STM和执行过程的治疗导致其他未处理的语言任务的改善。本研究中使用的方法可以结合到通常用于治疗语言障碍的其他语言处理任务中（例如，句子处理）。
Background: Verbal short-term memory (STM) impairments are invariably present in aphasia. Word processing involves a minimal form of verbal STM, i.e., the time course over which semantic and phonological representations are activated and maintained until they are comprehended, produced, or repeated. Thus it is reasonable that impairments of word processing and verbal STM may co-occur. The co-occurrence of language and STM impairments in aphasia has motivated an active area of research that has revealed much about the relationship of these two systems and the effect of their impairment on language function and verbal learning (Freedman & Martin, 2001; Martin & Saffran, 1999; Trojano & Grossi, 1995). In keeping with this view a number of researchers have developed treatment protocols to improve verbal STM in order to improve language function (e.g., Koenig-Bruhin & Studer-Eichenberger, 2007). This account of aphasia predicts that treatment of a fundamental ability, such as STM, which supports language function, should lead to improvements that generalise to content and tasks beyond those implemented in treatment.Aims: We investigated the efficacy of a treatment for language impairment that targets two language support processes: verbal short-term memory (STM) and executive processing, in the context of a language task (repetition). We hypothesised that treatment of these abilities would improve repetition abilities and performance on other language tasks that require STM.Method: A single-participant, multiple-baseline, multiple-probe design across behaviours was used with a participant with conduction aphasia. The treatment involved repetition of words and nonwords under three "interval" conditions, which varied the time between hearing and repeating the stimulus. Measures of treatment effects included acquisition, maintenance, and follow-up data, effect sizes, and pre- and post-treatment performance on a test battery that varies the STM and executive function demands of language tasks.Outcomes & Results: Improvement of repetition was mostly specific to treated stimuli. Post-treatment measures of language ability indicated improvements in single and multiple word processing tasks, verbal working memory tasks, and verbal span. Conclusions: Treatment of STM and executive processes in the context of a word repetition task resulted in improvements in other non-treated language tasks. The approach used in this study can be incorporated into other language-processing tasks typically used in treatment of language disorders (e.g., sentence processing).