Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Noncongenitally Blind Individuals
Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Noncongenitally Blind Individuals
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DOI：
10.1037/a0014037
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Willingham, Bob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumoto, David;Willingham, Bob
对盲人自发表达的研究提供了一个独特的机会来了解有关情绪面部表情的出现和来源的基本过程。在这项研究中，作者对 2004 年残奥会上先天性和非先天性失明运动员的表情进行了相互比较，并与 2004 年奥运会上视力正常的运动员的表情进行了比较。作者还研究了表达方式如何从一个上下文变化到另一个上下文。先天性失明、非先天性失明和视力正常的运动员之间，无论是在个人面部动作水平还是在面部情绪配置上都没有差异。盲人运动员确实产生了更多的整体面部活动，但这些活动与头部和眼睛的运动无关。盲人运动员的表情在三个不同的时间点区分了他们是否赢得或输掉了奖牌比赛，并且表达上不存在文化差异。这些发现提供了令人信服的证据，表明自发的面部情感表达的产生并不依赖于观察学习，但同时证明了表情的社会管理的学习成分，即使在盲人中也是如此。
The study of the spontaneous expressions of blind individuals offers a unique opportunity to understand basic processes concerning the emergence and source of facial expressions of emotion. In this study, the authors compared the expressions of congenitally and noncongenitally blind athletes in the 2004 Paralympic Games with each other and with those produced by sighted athletes in the 2004 Olympic Games. The authors also examined how expressions change from I context to another. There were no differences between congenitally blind, noncongenitally blind, and sighted athletes, either on the level of individual facial actions or in facial emotion configurations. Blind athletes did produce more overall facial activity, but these were isolated to head and eye movements. The blind athletes' expressions differentiated whether they had won or lost a medal match at 3 different points in time, and there were no cultural differences in expression. These findings provide compelling evidence that the production of spontaneous facial expressions of emotion is not dependent on observational learning but simultaneously demonstrates a learned component to the social management of expressions, even among blind individuals.