What is a Robot
What is a Robot
复制标题
什么是机器人
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James Woodhoysen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Bayley;James Woodhoysen
机器人是由计算机控制的机械手和手臂。它只不过是另一种机器。它的祖先结合了两种不同但相关的技术：机械化和控制。计算机的历史对两者都至关重要。机械化的历史始于奥利弗·埃文斯的自动化轧机（1784年），接着是约瑟夫·约瑟夫的织布机（1801年），并在19世纪末达到了高度完善的状态，斯图尔特·巴伯设计了一种机动起重机，它有一个机械夹具，可以从熔炉中取出铸锭（1892年）。在19世纪20年代，机械化技术与新兴的信息科学和控制技术交叉融合，当时英国数学家查尔斯·巴贝奇（Charles Babbage），有时被称为“计算机之父”，开发了一种自动计算器，他称之为“差分机”（1823年）。事实证明，约瑟夫·约瑟芬的织布机是后来所有机械化和控制方面的创新起飞的平台。他的发明是软件，这是一个新颖的想法，你可以用打孔卡对织布机进行编程，打孔卡上有一个正在编织的图案的编码“模型”。1801年，提花织机问世，这是世纪早期里昂在丝织方面的一系列创新中最后一项，也是最重要的一项。它是如此成功，到1812年，仅在法国就有11，000多人。穿孔卡片是信息技术的一个突破：一台织布机可以在穿孔纸上携带多达3兆字节的信息。这种信息存储技术成为了自动记忆计算器的基本组成部分之一，正是自动记忆计算器催生了计算机。
A robot is a mechanical hand and arm, controlled by a computer . It is nothing more than another type of machine. Its ancestry combines two different, but related, technologies: mechanisation and control. The history of the computer has been essential to both. The history of mechanisation began with Oliver Evans' automated mill (1784), continued with Joseph Jacquard's loom (1801), and reached a high state of perfection at the end of the nineteenth century with Steward Babbitt's designs for a motorised crane which had a mechanical gripper to remove ingots from furnaces (1892) . In the 1820s the technology of mechanisation cross-fertilised with the emerging science of information and control technology when the English mathematician, Charles Babbage, sometimes known as 'the father of the computer', developed an automatic calculator which he called his 'Difference Engine' (1823). Joseph Jacquard's loom proved to be the plateau from which all subsequent innovations in mechanisation and control took off . His invention was software, the novel idea that you could program a weaver's loom with punched cards that carried a coded 'model' of the patterns being woven. The Jacquard loom appeared in 1801, the last and most significant of a series of innovations in silk weaving which came out of Lyons from the early nineteenth century. It was so successful that by 1812 there were more than 11,000 in France alone. The punched card was a breakthrough in information technology: a Jacquard loom could carry as much as three megabytes of information on perforated paper . This technique of information storage became one of the fundamental components of the automatic memory calculators which gave birth to computers.