Ontogeny of taste preferences: basic biology and implications for health
Ontogeny of taste preferences: basic biology and implications for health
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.113.067694
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Mennella, Julie A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mennella, Julie A.
健康倡议在一定程度上通过鼓励在生命早期获得良好营养来解决儿童肥胖问题。这篇综述强调了一项科学研究，该研究表明，与成年人相比，儿童天生喜欢更高水平的甜味和咸味，拒绝较低水平的苦味。因此，他们的基本生物学并不倾向于推荐的低糖，低钠，富含蔬菜的饮食，使他们特别容易受到我们目前高盐和精制糖食物环境的影响。好消息是，在生命早期开始的感官体验可以塑造偏好。吃富含健康食品的食物的母亲可以让孩子有一个良好的开端，因为味道会从母亲的饮食传递到羊水和母乳中，母乳喂养的婴儿更容易接受这些味道。相比之下，婴儿喂养的配方奶粉学习更喜欢其独特的风味，并可能有更多的困难，最初接受口味没有发现在配方奶粉，如水果和蔬菜。无论早期喂养模式如何，婴儿都可以通过反复接触和饮食多样性来学习，如果照顾者关注的是孩子吃食物的意愿，而不仅仅是喂养过程中的面部表情。此外，提供低盐和低糖的辅食可能有助于保护发育中的儿童在以后的生活中免受过量摄入。早期生活中健康的口味和口味的经历可能对促进健康饮食有很大的帮助，这可能对解决与食物选择不当相关的许多慢性疾病产生重大影响。
Health initiatives address childhood obesity in part by encouraging good nutrition early in life. This review highlights the science that shows that children naturally prefer higher levels of sweet and salty tastes and reject lower levels of bitter tastes than do adults. Thus, their basic biology does not predispose them to favor the recommended low-sugar, low-sodium, vegetable-rich diets and makes them especially vulnerable to our current food environment of foods high in salt and refined sugars. The good news is that sensory experiences, beginning early in life, can shape preferences. Mothers who consume diets rich in healthy foods can get children off to a good start because flavors are transmitted from the maternal diet to amniotic fluid and mother's milk, and breastfed infants are more accepting of these flavors. In contrast, infants fed formula learn to prefer its unique flavor profile and may have more difficulty initially accepting flavors not found in formula, such as those of fruit and vegetables. Regardless of early feeding mode, infants can learn through repeated exposure and dietary variety if caregivers focus on the child's willingness to consume a food and not just the facial expressions made during feeding. In addition, providing complementary foods low in salt and sugars may help protect the developing child from excess intake later in life. Early-life experiences with healthy tastes and flavors may go a long way toward promoting healthy eating, which could have a significant impact in addressing the many chronic illnesses associated with poor food choice.