3D micro-porous conducting carbon beehive by single step polymer carbonization for high performance supercapacitors: the magic of in situ porogen formation
3D micro-porous conducting carbon beehive by single step polymer carbonization for high performance supercapacitors: the magic of in situ porogen formation
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DOI：
10.1039/c3ee42551g
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
32.5
通讯作者：
Ogale, Satishchandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Puthusseri, Dhanya;Aravindan, Vanchiappan;Ogale, Satishchandra
本文报道了在惰性气氛下，不经活化，直接热解丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钾盐，制备蜂窝状互连微孔碳（IMPC）片的方法。所选聚合物前体中碱金属的存在导致1327 m（2）g（-1）的高比表面积。重要的是，80%的孔体积由孔径范围为1-2 nm的微孔贡献，这对于用作超级电容器的电极是理想的。而其余的表面积由小部分的中孔和大孔贡献，这是由于互连的结构。三种不同类型孔隙的存在使该材料成为超级电容器电极的理想材料。将IMPC作为水性和非水性超级电容器中的电极进行测试。所有的水溶液的测量都是在1 M H2SO 4溶液中进行的，电位窗口为1 V。在0.5 A g（-1）的恒定充放电电流下实现了258 F g（-1）的比电容，并且在30 A g（-1）下保持在150 F g（-1）的值。在2A·g ~（-1）的电流密度下，经过5000次充放电循环后，电容保持率达到90%。在最高功率密度13 600 W kg（-1）时，能量密度为3.1 W h kg（-1）。在碳酸亚乙酯-碳酸二甲酯中的IM LiPF 6存在下，以5 mg活性材料负载测试非水性性能。在0.25 A g（-1）的电流密度下，获得了138 F g（-1）的比电容，在10 A g（-1）的电流密度下，其值保持在100 F g（-1）。在基于活性材料负载的双电极系统中，该材料可以在其最高功率密度11 000 W kg（-1）时提供31 W h kg（-1）的能量密度。
We report non-templated synthesis of interconnected microporous carbon (IMPC) sheets having beehive morphology by direct pyrolysis of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt in inert atmosphere without any activation. The presence of the alkali metal in the selected polymer precursor results in a high specific surface area of 1327 m(2) g(-1). Importantly, 80% of the pore volume is contributed by micropores with pore size ranging from 1-2 nm which is ideal for use as an electrode for supercapacitors. Whereas the rest of the surface area was contributed by a small fraction of mesopores and macropores due to the interconnected structure. The presence of three different types of pores make the material ideal for supercapacitor electrodes. IMPC was tested as an electrode in both aqueous and non-aqueous supercapacitors. All the aqueous measurements were done in 1 M H2SO4 solution with a potential window 1 V. A specific capacitance of 258 F g(-1) was realized at a constant charge-discharge current of 0.5 A g(-1) and it maintained at a value of 150 F g(-1) at 30 A g(-1). A long cycle stability of 90% capacitance retention was observed after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A g(-1). At the highest power density 13 600 W kg(-1) the energy density was found to be 3.1 W h kg(-1). Non aqueous performance was tested in the presence of 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-di-methyl carbonate with 5 mg active material loading. A specific capacitance of 138 F g(-1) was obtained at a current density of 0.25 A g(-1) and it retained at a value of 100 F g-1 at 10 A g(-1). The material can deliver an energy density of 31 W h kg(-1) at its highest power density of 11 000 W kg(-1) in a two electrode system based on active material loading.