Stress and the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Systems a
Stress and the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Systems a
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb42102.x
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发表时间：
1988-10
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
R. Roth;S. Tam;Y. Ida;JING‐XIA Yang;A. Deutch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Roth;S. Tam;Y. Ida;JING‐XIA Yang;A. Deutch
多年来人们已经认识到，暴露于各种形式的应激可能导致含中央儿茶酚胺神经元的代谢活化。虽然应激事件引起许多神经化学和激素效应，并影响各种神经递质系统，但某些应激源，如低强度、短时间的足电击、条件性和暴露于新刺激，似乎选择性地影响支配内侧前额叶皮质的多巴胺（DA）神经元，被认为与预期现象和认知功能有关的大脑区域。~本报告的重点是表征实验应激范式和相关药物治疗引起的影响，导致投射到前额皮质的中脑DA神经元亚群的强大和相当选择性的激活。在发现中皮层DA投射的几年后，人们开始意识到中脑DA神经元并不像以前认为的那样同质，它们具有许多不同的生化，生理和药理学特性。第一个证据表明，某些mesocortical DA神经元可能是功能不同的mesolimbic和其他中脑DA系统的检查压力对这些系统的影响。DA利用率显着增加，在前额叶皮层，但只有轻微的（神经核）或不受影响，在所有（嗅结节，隔膜，杏仁核，纹状体）在大鼠大脑皮层下结构的间歇性footshock应力短时间（20分钟）。中前额叶DA神经元对间歇性足电击应激的高选择性反应性已经被许多其他研究小组证实，尽管关于其他中皮层DA神经元的反应性有一些报道不一致。这可能与所采用的压力模式的差异有关。大量的证据还表明，中前额叶DA能系统与其皮层、中脑边缘和黑质纹状体系统相比，还具有其他一些独特的特征。有人认为，这些独特的特征中的许多可能归因于调节这些中前额DA神经元的不同控制机制。下面列出的这些独特的特征中的一些似乎是这些神经元上缺乏脉冲调节体树突和合成调节神经末梢DA自受体的结果。"
It has been appreciated for many years that exposure to various forms of stress may result in a metabolic activation of central catecholamine-containing neurons. Although stressful events provoke a number of neurochemical and hormonal effects and influence a variety of neurotransmitter systems, certain stressors, such as low-intensity, shortduration footshock,' conditioned and exposure to a novel en~ironment,~ appear to selectively influence those dopamine (DA) neurons innervating the medial prefrontal cortex, a brain region believed to be involved in anticipatory phenomena and cognitive f ~ n c t i o n . ~ This report is focused on a characterization of the effects elicited by experimental stress paradigms and related pharmacological treatments that result in a robust and fairly selective activation of the subset of midbrain DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. Several years after the discovery of the mesocortical DA projections it began to be appreciated that midbrain DA neurons were not as homogenous as once believed, and that they possessed a number of different biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological properties. The first evidence indicating that certain mesocortical DA neurons may be functionally different from those of the mesolimbic and other midbrain DA systems was provided by examination of the effect of stress on these systems. DA utilization was found to be markedly increased in the prefrontal cortex but only slightly (nucleus accumbens) or not affected at all (olfactory tubercle, septum, amygdala, and striatum) in subcortical structures of rat brain following short periods (20 min) of intermittent footshock stress.' The high and selective reactivity of the mesoprefrontal DA neurons to intermittent footshock stress has since been confirmed by a number of other groups, although there are some reported inconsistencies concerning the responsiveness of other mesocortical DA s y ~ t e m s ~ . ~ ~ that are probably related to differences in the stress paradigms employed. Extensive evidence has also demonstrated that the mesoprefrontal DA system possesses other distinct characteristics as compared to its mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal co~n te rpa r t s .~~ '~ It has been suggested that many of these unique characteristics may be attributed to distinct control mechanisms regulating these mesoprefrontal DA neurons. Some of these unique characteristics, which are listed below, appear to be the consequence of the lack of impulseregulating somatodendritic and synthesis-modulating nerve terminal DA autoreceptors on these neurons."