Hydrogeomorphic Effects of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions on Drainage Basins
Hydrogeomorphic Effects of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions on Drainage Basins
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054913
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
T. C. Pierson;J. Major
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. C. Pierson;J. Major
爆炸性喷发会破坏植被并沉积大量易受侵蚀的碎片物质，从而严重扰乱火山顺风或下游的景观。因此，受影响流域的水和沉积物通量可能急剧增加。与爆发性喷发相关的系统扰动过程包括火山灰降落、火山碎屑密度流、碎屑崩落和火山泥流，这些过程对水和沉积物排放的影响大于熔岩流就位。地貌对这种扰动的反应可以延伸到下游，持续数十年，并且是危险的。对一个流域的扰动的严重程度是一个特定的火山作用过程的函数，以及距离火山的距离和喷发的规模。扰动后的单位面积产沙量是世界上最高的;这种产沙量通常会导致下游河段大量的砂砾石再沉积，从而导致严重的河道淤积和不稳定。...
Explosive eruptions can severely disturb landscapes downwind or downstream of volcanoes by damaging vegetation and depositing large volumes of erodible fragmental material. As a result, fluxes of water and sediment in affected drainage basins can increase dramatically. System-disturbing processes associated with explosive eruptions include tephra fall, pyroclastic density currents, debris avalanches, and lahars—processes that have greater impacts on water and sediment discharges than lava-flow emplacement. Geo-morphic responses to such disturbances can extend far downstream, persist for decades, and be hazardous. The severity of disturbances to a drainage basin is a function of the specific volcanic process acting, as well as distance from the volcano and magnitude of the eruption. Postdisturbance unit-area sediment yields are among the world's highest; such yields commonly result in abundant redeposition of sand and gravel in distal river reaches, which causes severe channel aggradation and instability. ...