Female competition over core areas in Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Female competition over core areas in Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Kibale National Park, Uganda
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-008-9276-3
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wrangham, Richard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kahlenberg, Sonya M.;Thompson, Melissa Emery;Wrangham, Richard W.
野生雌性黑猩猩很少有攻击性。然而，在乌干达Kibale国家公园的Kanyawara黑猩猩群落中，稳定地使用食物丰富的核心区域与繁殖成功率的提高有关，这表明可能会发生争夺最高质量范围的竞争。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了Kanyawara雌性在10年期间的攻击和优势关系，其中包括5只雌性移民到该社区。我们测试了两个预测：1)当移民进入社区时，女性对女性的攻击会加剧，因为这是决定核心区进入的时候；2)核心区的质量应该反映相对的女性主导关系。支持第一个预测的是，当社区中有新移民时，女性之间的攻击增加了4倍，当有多个移民时，攻击率达到峰值。这种模式主要是由于母黑猩猩对外来移民的攻击和联合攻击，这在雌性黑猩猩中很少见。支持第二种预测的是，居住在觅食质量高的核心区的雌虫总体排名较高，其年龄排名高于预期，而居住在觅食质量低的核心区的雌虫总体排名较低，其年龄排名低于预期。总之，这些数据表明，尽管雌性攻击行为在黑猩猩中并不经常发生，但竞争在决定长期获取资源方面继续发挥着重要作用，这是与繁殖成功相关的重要因素。
Aggression is rare among wild female chimpanzees. However, in the Kanyawara chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda, stable use of food-rich core areas is linked to increased reproductive success, suggesting that contest competition might occur over access to the highest-quality ranges. To examine this hypothesis, we studied aggression and dominance relationships among Kanyawara females during a 10-yr period that included the immigration of 5 females into the community. We tested 2 predictions: 1) that female-female aggression should intensify when immigrants enter the community because this is when core area access is determined and 2) that the quality of core areas should reflect relative female dominance relationships. In support of the first prediction, female-female aggression increased 4-fold when new immigrants were in the community, with rates peaking when there were multiple immigrants. This pattern was due primarily to aggression by resident mothers toward immigrants and featured coalitionary aggression, a rare behavior among female chimpanzees. In support of the second prediction, females occupying core areas high in foraging quality ranked high overall and higher than expected for their ages, whereas females occupying low-quality core areas were lower-ranking and ranked lower than expected for their ages. Together, the data indicate that though female aggression does not regularly occur in chimpanzees, contest competition continues to play an important role in determining long-term access to resources, an important correlate of reproductive success.