Understanding social inequalities in health
Understanding social inequalities in health
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DOI：
10.1353/pbm.2003.0056
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Marmot, MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marmot, MG
在所有工业化国家，健康的一个突出特点是健康和疾病的社会梯度。许多观察家认为，这一梯度只是一个问题，即弱势群体健康状况不佳，而其他所有人健康状况良好，但这是一种不充分的分析。白厅的研究记录了死亡率的社会梯度，即使在不贫穷的人中也是如此，这一模式已经被美国和其他地方的数据所证实。健康方面的社会梯度受社会地位、相对贫困与绝对贫困、控制和社会参与等因素的影响。为了理解因果关系并制定改善健康的政策，我们必须考虑社会环境与健康之间的关系，特别是早期生活经历的重要性。
A prominent feature of health in all industrialized countries is the social gradient in health and disease. Many observers believe that this gradient is simply a matter of poor health for the disadvantaged and good health for everyone else, but this is an inadequate analysis. The Whitehall Study documented a social gradient in mortality rates, even among people who are not poor, and this pattern has been confirmed by data from the United States and elsewhere. The social gradient in health is influenced by such factors as social position; relative versus absolute deprivation; and control and social participation. To understand causality and generate policies to improve health, we must consider the relationship between social environment and health and especially the importance of early life experiences.