EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE TO NATURAL HERBIVORY IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE TO NATURAL HERBIVORY IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00335.x
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发表时间：
2003-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Weinig;J. Stinchcombe;J. Schmitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Weinig;J. Stinchcombe;J. Schmitt
摘要抗性和耐受性被广泛认为是对草食的两种不同的适应性反应。然而，抗性和耐受性的潜在特征仍然很大程度上是未知的，食草性反应的遗传结构和遗传权衡的流行也是如此。为了解决这些问题，我们用重组拟南芥自交系(RIL)(从哥伦比亚和Landsberg直立生态型之间杂交而来)进行了一项大型田间实验，测定了兔对自然顶端分生组织损伤(AMD)的抗性和耐受性。我们还测量了物候和形态特征，推测这是AMD抗性和耐受性的基础。重组自交系在抗性(RIL中抵抗草食性的重复比例)方面存在显著差异，顶端花序高的早花植株更有可能遭受伤害。耐受性(受损和未受损状态之间的适合度差异)在不同的自交系之间也存在显著差异，一些品系对受损的补偿过度，在受损状态下比未受损状态下结出更多的果实。塑料增加的基枝数量、基枝高度和衰老日期对伤害的反应都与更大的耐受性有关。没有证据表明抗性和耐性之间存在遗传权衡，这一观察结果与相关形态和物候特征的潜在差异一致。在本试验中，选择梯度分析没有发现直接选择抗性或耐性的证据。然而，统计模型表明，抗性选择模式强烈地依赖于平均耐性水平，而耐性选择强烈地依赖于平均抗性水平。这些观察结果与这样的假设是一致的，即选择可能在空间或时间变化的环境或具有不同食草动物种群的环境中维持中等水平的抗性和耐受性。
Abstract Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these issues, we measured resistance and tolerance to natural apical meristem damage (AMD) by rabbits in a large field experiment with recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana (developed from a cross between the Columbia × Landsberg erecta ecotypes). We also measured phenological and morphological traits hypothesized to underlie resistance and tolerance to AMD. Recombinant inbred lines differed significantly in resistance (the proportion of replicates within an RIL that resisted herbivory), and early flowering plants with tall apical inflorescences were more likely to experience damage. Tolerance (the difference in fitness between the damaged and undamaged states), also differed significantly among RILs, with some lines overcompensating for damage and producing more fruit in the damaged than undamaged state. Plastic increases in basal branch number, basal branch height, and senescence date in response to damage were all associated with greater tolerance. There was no evidence for a genetic trade-off between resistance and tolerance, an observation consistent with the underlying differences in associated morphological and phenological characters. Selection gradient analysis detected no evidence for direct selection on either resistance or tolerance in this experiment. However, a statistical model indicates that the pattern of selection on resistance depends strongly on the mean level of tolerance, and selection on tolerance depends strongly on the mean level of resistance. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that selection may act to maintain resistance and tolerance at intermediate levels in spatially or temporally varying environments or those with varying herbivore populations.