Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers
Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.003
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Arnold, A. Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, A. Elizabeth
真菌内生菌是一组主要由子囊菌属真菌组成的多样性真菌，其功能由其在植物的无症状光合组织中的出现来定义，存在于陆地植物的所有主要谱系以及从北极到热带的自然和人为群落中。由于它们所包含的巨大多样性，关于内生菌与它们所生活的植物的相互作用的生态问题-以及与其他生物体的相互作用，这些生物体又与内生菌-植物共生体相互作用-很难解决。这篇评论的目标是突出的进展，挑战和前沿的叶面内生菌多样性的研究，鼓励研究的最终目标，既桥梁之间的差距差距，和进步，阿尔法分类学和生态学的研究。我集中在四个主题，反映在最近和迅速扩大的文献关于内生菌生物学：（1）内生菌相对于其他非致病性植物相关真菌的分类学和生态学的独特性;（2）从将基因型视为生物组织的相关单位的研究中可以获得的见解，特别是在传统的物种水平分类学和强大的系统发育方法的背景下，这些基因型和物种在一个明确的进化背景下联系在一起;（3）内生菌群落的环境依赖性，强调了寄主植物的识别和植物所在地理位置的重要性;和（4）内生菌-病原菌-腐营养菌连续体的复杂性，和挑战和令人兴奋的前沿在于理解进化关系和生态不稳定性的真菌，表现出这些生态modes.我认为，以前从未有过内生真菌的研究更令人兴奋或更容易处理，内生真菌研究人员告知生物学的不同领域的潜力从未如此之大。(C)2007年由Elsevier Ltd代表英国真菌学会出版。
Fungal endophytes, a diverse group of primarily ascomycetous fungi defined functionally by their occurrence within asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of plants, occur in all major lineages of land plants and in natural and anthropogenic communities ranging from the arctic to the tropics. Because of the tremendous diversity they encompass, ecological questions regarding the interactions of endophytes with the plants in which they live - and with other organisms that in turn interact with endophyte-plants symbiota - are difficult to address. The goals of this review are to highlight progress, challenges, and frontiers in the study of foliar endophyte diversity, with the ultimate goal of encouraging research that both bridges the gap between, and advances, research in alpha taxonomy and ecology. I focus on four themes that are reflected in the recent and rapidly expanding literature regarding endophyte biology: (1) the taxonomic and ecological distinctiveness of endophytes relative to other nonpathogenic plant-associated fungi; (2) the insights that can be gained from studies that consider genotypes as the relevant unit of biological organization, especially in the context of traditional species-level taxonomy and robust phylogenetic methods that tie these genotypes and species together in an explicit evolutionary context; (3) the context-dependency of endophyte communities, highlighting the importance of both the identify of host plants and the geographic location in which plants occur; and (4) the complexity of the endophyte-pathogen-saprotroph continuum, and the challeges and exciting frontiers that lie in understanding the evolutionary relationships and ecological lability of fungi that exhibit these ecological modes. I argue that never before has the study of endophytic fungi been more exciting or more tractable, and that the potential for endophyte researchers to inform diverse areas of biology has never been greater. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society.