Offsetting Nature? Habitat Banking and Biodiversity Offsets in the English Land Use Planning System-猫眼课题宝

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2012

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M. Hannis;S. Sullivan

土地用途规划是一个关键的竞技场，我们自称是有史以来最环保的政府，正在上演地方主义和市场化的奇观。一项新的“有利于可持续发展的假设”旨在通过简化和分散规划系统来鼓励住房建设和其他发展，同时保护自然环境。这种保护在部分将通过场外缓解新市场来实现，补充现有的政策，这些政策（可能）需要现场缓解生境退化。的拟议的系统允许开发商以市场价格支付其他地方的改善费用，以抵消对一个地方生物多样性的有害影响。这个信息是，这个“栖息地银行”系统不仅将小栖息地聚集成生态重要性保护区，虽然促进'发展'，我们据称需要摆脱金融危机，但也开辟了新的收入来源，为土地所有者和保护区管理人员花在栖息地保护。然而，通过将缓解转移到其他地方，它也将强化这样一个信息：人类和其他物种生活在不同的地方，非人类并不存在于日常生活中，而是居住在一个独立的世界，这个世界是脆弱的，需要保护。本文认为，取代和市场化的栖息地退化的缓解可能有助于巩固这一点这种分离的现象阻碍而不是促进了生态上可持续的人类住区的出现。它研究了英国规划系统中栖息地银行和生物多样性抵消的使用，并将其置于国际背景下，然后提供一些简短的对可能产生的影响和更广泛的影响的思考。

Land use planning is a key arena for the spectacles of localism and marketisation being staged by our self-proclaimed greenest government ever. A new “presumption in favour of sustainable development” aims to encourage housebuilding and other development by simplifying and decentralising the planning system, while protecting the natural environment. This protection is in part to be achieved through a new market in off-site mitigation, supplementing existing policies which (can) require onsite mitigation of habitat degradation. The proposed system allows developers to offset deleterious impacts on biodiversity in one place by paying for improvements somewhere else, at a market rate. The message is that this “habitat banking” system will not only aggregate small habitats into ecologically significant reserves, while facilitating the ‘development’ we allegedly need to escape financial crisis, but also open up new income streams for landowners and reserve managers to spend on habitat conservation. By moving mitigation somewhere else, however, it will also reinforce the message that humans and other species live in separate places, that the non-human is not present in everyday life, but inhabits a separate world, which is fragile and in need of protection. This paper argues that displacing and marketising the mitigation of habitat degradation may serve to entrench this separation, thus retarding rather than facilitating the emergence of ecologically sustainable human settlements. It examines the use of habitat banking and biodiversity offsetting in the English planning system, and situates this in an international context, before offering some brief reflections on its likely effects and broader implications.

Offsetting Nature? Habitat Banking and Biodiversity Offsets in the English Land Use Planning System

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