General Papers
General Papers
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DOI：
10.1163/9789004262614.yds-08_0004
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. M;H. Warnes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. M;H. Warnes
从历史上看，“心身”这个词，指的是精神和身体之间的线性关系，很快就失去了它的有效性。人们认识到，现在普遍认为，所谓的身心障碍是多因素的起源。在非心理病因中，突出的是遗传、体质和产前产后的有害事件。至于心理病因，观察者所采取的位置取决于他的距离和方向。Halliday（14）在病态社会的背景下看待心身疾病。Ruesch（26）强调沟通障碍是致病因素。H. Wolff（35岁，36岁）把注意力集中在令人不安的生活状况上。邓巴（10）将人格特征与心身疾病联系起来。Alexander(2)论证了冲突星座与营养功能障碍之间的关系。Garma（11）关注的是早期客体关系的再激活与生理回归的结合，而de M’uzan（20）强调了心身患者幻想生活缺失的重要性。这些概念模型都没有对心身疾病的复杂性和多原因性提供一个全面的观点，也没有一个具体地包含文化因素
Historically the term 'psychosomatic', connoting as it does a linear relationship between mind and body, soon lost its validity. It was realized and is now generally agreed that the so-called psychosomatic disorders are multifactorial in origin. Outstanding among non-psychological etiological factors are heredity, constitution and prenatal and postnatal harmful events. As regards psychological etiological factors the position taken by the observer depends on his distance and orientation. Halliday (14) views psychosomatic disease against the background of sick society. Ruesch (26) emphasizes disturbances of communication as etiological agents. H. Wolff (35, 36) focuses his attention on disturbing life situations. Dunbar (10) correlates personality profiles with psychosomatic disorders. Alexander (2) demonstrates the relationship between conflict constellation and vegetative dysfunction. Garma (11) concentrates on reactivation of early object relationships combined with physiological regression, whereas de M'Uzan (20) emphasizes the importance of deficiency in fantasy life in psychosomatic patients. None of these conceptual models offers a comprehensive view of the complexity and multicausality of psychosomatic disorders, and none of them specifically encompasses the cultural