Sex Disparities in Organ Donation: Finding an Equitable Donor Pool.
Sex Disparities in Organ Donation: Finding an Equitable Donor Pool.
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器官捐献中的性别差异：寻求公平的捐献者群体
DOI：
10.1161/jaha.121.020820
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发表时间：
2021-10-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Breathett K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yee E;Hosseini SM;Duarte B;Knapp SM;Carnes M;Young B;Sweitzer NK;Breathett K
大多数活体器官捐献者是女性，但很少有死亡器官捐献者，这增加了与性别不匹配器官相关的风险。我们试图找出器官捐献中性别差异的原因和公平策略。我们使用亚马逊的 Mechanical Turk，在一项混合方法调查研究中调查了美国成年人对捐赠的看法。结果按性别与 Fisher 精确检验和 T 检验进行比较，以获取定量结果和写入响应的定性描述性分析。在 667 名参与者（55% 女性）中，大多数男性（64.8%）和女性（63.4%）自我认定为注册捐赠者。女性向家人（P=0.03）或陌生人（P=0.03）捐献自己器官的意愿显着高于男性。男女捐献者都遵循以下原则：提供帮助的愿望、个人经历以及相信器官对已故捐献者来说毫无用处。男女非捐献者都遵循以下原则：没有理由、对医疗不信任、考虑捐献。在考虑是否捐献已故家庭成员的器官时，妇女同样会以家庭成员的意愿为指导，并相信家庭成员不再需要器官。男性也有类似的主题，但更重视家庭成员的意愿。在非捐赠者中，如果提供更多信息，男女都会考虑捐赠。在一项全国调查中，两性成为和不成为器官捐献者的原因相似。然而，与男性相比，女性更愿意将器官捐献给家人和陌生人。改善与直系亲属有关器官捐赠的教育和沟通意愿可能会增加已故器官捐赠的性别平等。
The majority of living organ donors are women, but few are deceased organ donors, which increases risks associated with sex mismatched organs. We sought to identify reasons for sex disparities in organ donation and strategies for equity. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we examined US adults' perceptions regarding donation in a mixed‐methods survey study. Results were compared by sex with Fisher's exact test and T‐tests for quantitative results and qualitative descriptive analyses for write‐in responses. Among 667 participants (55% women), the majority of men (64.8%) and women (63.4%) self‐identified as registered donors. Women's willingness to donate their own organs to family members (P=0.03) or strangers (P=0.03) was significantly higher than men. Donors from both sexes were guided by: desire to help, personal experience, and believing organs would be useless to deceased donors. Non‐donors from both sexes were guided by: no reason, medical mistrust, contemplating donation. When considering whether to donate organs of a deceased family member, women were equally guided by a family member's wishes and believing the family member had no further use for organs. Men had similar themes but valued the family member's wishes more. Among non‐donors, both sexes would consider donation if more information was provided. In a national survey, both sexes had similar reasons for becoming and not becoming an organ donor. However, compared with men, women were more willing to donate their organs to family members and strangers. Improving education and communicating wishes regarding organ donation with direct relatives may increase sex equity in deceased organ donation.