Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip
Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.002
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发表时间：
2018-12-17
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Cowan, Noah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biswas, Debojyoti;Arend, Luke A.;Cowan, Noah J.
主动传感涉及产生运动信号以获取感官信息[1-3]。在动物分类群和行为中发现的最常见的主动感知形式涉及运动的产生，例如搅拌 [4-6]、触摸 [7, 8]、嗅探 [9, 10] 和眼球运动 [11]。主动感知运动深刻地影响感觉反馈通路所携带的信息[12-15]，并受到自上而下的目标（例如，测量重量与纹理[1, 16]）和自下而上的刺激（例如，灯开或关[12]）的调节，但目前尚不清楚这些运动是否以及如何与它们产生的持续反馈相关的控制。为了研究主动传感的运动控制，我们创建了一种用于自由游动的弱电鱼 Eigenmannia virescens 的实验装置，该装置根据鱼位置的实时视频测量来调整避难所的位置，从而调节传入反馈的增益。我们发现鱼类通过主动传感运动的闭环控制来稳健地调节感觉滑动。具体来说，当鱼执行在避难所内保持位置的任务时[17-22]，它们显着上调或下调与实验调节的再传入增益的 4 倍变化相关的前后主动感知运动。游泳动作的这些变化有助于保持恒定的感觉滑动幅度。感觉滑动的程度取决于视觉线索的存在或不存在。这些结果表明鱼类使用两个控制器：一个通过调节主动传感运动的反馈来控制信息的获取，另一个则保持在避难所的位置，这是一种在动物中可能普遍存在的控制结构[23, 24]。
Active sensing involves the production of motor signals for the purpose of acquiring sensory information [1-3]. The most common form of active sensing, found across animal taxa and behaviors, involves the generation of movements-e.g., whisking [4-6], touching [7, 8], sniffing [9, 10], and eye movements [11]. Active sensing movements profoundly affect the information carried by sensory feedback pathways [12-15] and are modulated by both top-down goals (e.g., measuring weight versus texture [1, 16]) and bottom-up stimuli (e.g., lights on or off [12]), but it remains unclear whether and how these movements are controlled in relation to the ongoing feedback they generate. To investigate the control of movements for active sensing, we created an experimental apparatus for freely swimming weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia virescens, that modulates the gain of reafferent feedback by adjusting the position of a refuge based on real-time videographic measurements of fish position. We discovered that fish robustly regulate sensory slip via closed-loop control of active sensing movements. Specifically, as fish performed the task of maintaining position inside the refuge [17-22], they dramatically up-or down-regulated fore-aft active sensing movements in relation to a 4-fold change of experimentally modulated reafferent gain. These changes in swimming movements served to maintain a constant magnitude of sensory slip. The magnitude of sensory slip depended on the presence or absence of visual cues. These results indicate that fish use two controllers: one that controls the acquisition of information by regulating feedback from active sensing movements and another that maintains position in the refuge, a control structure that may be ubiquitous in animals [23, 24].