Quantifying and Modeling the Acquisition and Retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Hematophagus Insects Reveals Clinically but Not Subclinically Affected Cattle Are Promoters of Viral Transmission and Key Targets for Control of Disease Outbreaks.
Quantifying and Modeling the Acquisition and Retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Hematophagus Insects Reveals Clinically but Not Subclinically Affected Cattle Are Promoters of Viral Transmission and Key Targets for Control of Disease Outbreaks.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/jvi.02239-20
复制
发表时间：
2021-04-12
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Beard PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanz-Bernardo B;Haga IR;Wijesiriwardana N;Basu S;Larner W;Diaz AV;Langlands Z;Denison E;Stoner J;White M;Sanders C;Hawes PC;Wilson AJ;Atkinson J;Batten C;Alphey L;Darpel KE;Gubbins S;Beard PM
结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）引起牛的一种严重的全身性疾病，其特征是皮肤结节。LSDV是一种快速出现的病原体，自2012年以来已蔓延到欧洲和俄罗斯以及整个亚洲。结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）是一种媒介传播的痘病毒，可引起牛的疾病。参与LSDV传播的媒介物种及其获得和传播病毒的能力的特征很差。使用一个高度代表性的牛实验模型的红斑狼疮皮肤病，我们喂了四个模型载体物种（埃及伊蚊，致倦库蚊，Stomoxys calcitrans，和库蠓nubeculosus）的LSDV接种牛，以检查其收购和保留的LSDV。在接种牛中，亚临床疾病比临床疾病更常见。重要的是，与临床动物（0.23）相比，媒介从亚临床动物中获得LSDV的可能性（0.006）非常低，这意味着以亚临床动物为食的昆虫获得LSDV的可能性比以临床动物为食的昆虫低97%。研究的所有四种潜在媒介物种以相似的速率从宿主获得LSDV，但埃及伊蚊和Stomoxys calcitrans保留病毒的时间更长，长达8天。没有证据表明病毒在载体中复制，这与机械传播而不是生物传播相一致。将本研究中获得的参数与来自LSDV传播和媒介生活史参数研究的数据相结合，以确定由每个模型种介导的牛中LSDV的基本繁殖数。该繁殖数以腐食木蠹蛾最高（19.1），其次是腐食木蠹蛾。nubeculosus（7.1）和Ae.埃及伊蚊（2.4），表明这三个物种是潜在的有效发射机的LSDV;这一信息可以用来通知LSD控制程序。重要性结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）引起牛的一种严重的全身性疾病，其特征是皮肤结节。LSDV是一种快速出现的病原体，自2012年以来已蔓延到欧洲和俄罗斯以及整个亚洲。LSDV传播的媒介传播性质被认为促进了该病毒的快速地理传播;然而，缺乏关于LSDV传播的定量证据阻碍了在当前流行期间对该疾病的有效控制。我们的研究表明，亚临床牛相对于临床牛在病毒传播中起的作用很小，并且揭示了在临床前阶段昆虫获得病毒的可能性很低。我们还计算了不同昆虫物种的生殖数，从而确定了LSDV的有效传播媒介。这一信息至关重要，因为它将有助于确定LSD病毒流行期间的流行病学控制措施，特别是在LSD疫苗接种可能不足的资源贫乏地区。
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes a severe systemic disease characterized by cutaneous nodules in cattle. LSDV is a rapidly emerging pathogen, having spread since 2012 into Europe and Russia and across Asia. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a vector-transmitted poxvirus that causes disease in cattle. Vector species involved in LSDV transmission and their ability to acquire and transmit the virus are poorly characterized. Using a highly representative bovine experimental model of lumpy skin disease, we fed four model vector species (Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Culicoides nubeculosus) on LSDV-inoculated cattle in order to examine their acquisition and retention of LSDV. Subclinical disease was a more common outcome than clinical disease in the inoculated cattle. Importantly, the probability of vectors acquiring LSDV from a subclinical animal (0.006) was very low compared with that from a clinical animal (0.23), meaning an insect feeding on a subclinical animal was 97% less likely to acquire LSDV than one feeding on a clinical animal. All four potential vector species studied acquired LSDV from the host at a similar rate, but Aedes aegypti and Stomoxys calcitrans retained the virus for a longer time, up to 8 days. There was no evidence of virus replication in the vector, consistent with mechanical rather than biological transmission. The parameters obtained in this study were combined with data from studies of LSDV transmission and vector life history parameters to determine the basic reproduction number of LSDV in cattle mediated by each of the model species. This reproduction number was highest for Stomoxys calcitrans (19.1), followed by C. nubeculosus (7.1) and Ae. aegypti (2.4), indicating that these three species are potentially efficient transmitters of LSDV; this information can be used to inform LSD control programs. IMPORTANCE Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes a severe systemic disease characterized by cutaneous nodules in cattle. LSDV is a rapidly emerging pathogen, having spread since 2012 into Europe and Russia and across Asia. The vector-borne nature of LSDV transmission is believed to have promoted this rapid geographic spread of the virus; however, a lack of quantitative evidence about LSDV transmission has hampered effective control of the disease during the current epidemic. Our research shows subclinical cattle play little part in virus transmission relative to clinical cattle and reveals a low probability of virus acquisition by insects at the preclinical stage. We have also calculated the reproductive number of different insect species, therefore identifying efficient transmitters of LSDV. This information is of utmost importance, as it will help to define epidemiological control measures during LSDV epidemics and of particular consequence in resource-poor regions where LSD vaccination may be less than adequate.