Money and Happiness: Rank of Income, Not Income, Affects Life Satisfaction
Money and Happiness: Rank of Income, Not Income, Affects Life Satisfaction
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797610362671
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Moore, Simon C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyce, Christopher J.;Brown, Gordon D. A.;Moore, Simon C.
金钱能买到幸福吗？还是幸福间接来自于金钱带来的更高社会地位？我们测试了排名收入假设，根据该假设，人们从比较组中收入的排名位置中获得效用。等级假设与传统的参考收入假设形成鲜明对比，传统的参考收入假设表明收入的效用取决于与社会参考群体规范的比较。我们发现个人收入的排名可以预测总体生活满意度，而绝对收入和参考收入则没有影响。此外，个人更重视向上比较而不是向下比较。根据排名假说，收入和效用并不直接相关：只有当排名位置也增加时，增加个人的收入才会增加他或她的效用，并且必然会减少其他失去排名的人的效用。
Does money buy happiness, or does happiness come indirectly from the higher rank in society that money brings? We tested a rank-income hypothesis, according to which people gain utility from the ranked position of their income within a comparison group. The rank hypothesis contrasts with traditional reference-income hypotheses, which suggest that utility from income depends on comparison to a social reference-group norm. We found that the ranked position of an individual's income predicts general life satisfaction, whereas absolute income and reference income have no effect. Furthermore, individuals weight upward comparisons more heavily than downward comparisons. According to the rank hypothesis, income and utility are not directly linked: Increasing an individual's income will increase his or her utility only if ranked position also increases and will necessarily reduce the utility of others who will lose rank.