Respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal and adult mammals: the hybrid pacemaker-network model
Respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal and adult mammals: the hybrid pacemaker-network model
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DOI：
10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00155-9
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smith, JC;Butera, RJ;Johnson, SM
本文综述了一种新的呼吸节律产生的统一模型-混合起搏器网络模型。该模型代表了细胞和网络机制的全面综合，理论上可以解释不同功能状态下的节律生成，从体外新生儿神经系统的最低状态到体内完整的成人系统。该模型采用了一个关键的神经元内核组成的兴奋性神经元的网络状态依赖，振荡爆发或起搏器的属性。这个内核：位于延髓腹外侧的前Botzinger复合体，提供了产生吸气节律的基本起搏器网络机制，主要在体外功能降低状态下显示。在体内，内核嵌入在一个更大的网络中，该网络通过抑制性突触连接与内核相互作用，该抑制性突触连接提供了吸气和呼气网络活动的完整模式的演变所需的动态控制。由此产生的细胞起搏器和网络特性的混合物在功能上赋予系统多种节律产生机制。新的生物药理学现实的混合起搏器网络的数学模型已经开发，说明了这些概念，并提供了一个计算框架，调查的细胞和网络过程，必须进行分析，以了解节奏的产生的相互作用。(C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V，保留所有权利。
We review a new unified model of respiratory rhythm generation - the hybrid pacemaker-network model. This model represents a comprehensive synthesis of cellular and network mechanisms that can theoretically account for rhythm generation in different functional states, from the most reduced states in the neonatal nervous system in vitro to the intact adult system in vivo. The model incorporates a critical neuronal kernel consisting of a network of excitatory neurons with state-dependent, oscillatory bursting or pacemaker properties. This kernel: located in the pre-Botzinger complex of the ventrolateral medulla, provides a rudimentary pacemaker network mechanism for generating an inspiratory rhythm, revealed predominately in functionally reduced states in vitro. In vivo the kernel is embedded in a larger network that interacts with the kernel via inhibitory synaptic connections that provide the dynamic control required for the evolution of the complete pattern of inspiratory and expiratory network activity. The resulting hybrid of cellular pacemaker and network properties functionally endows the system with multiple mechanisms of rhythm generation. New biophysically realistic mathematical models of the hybrid pacemaker-network have been developed that illustrate these concepts and provide a computational framework for investigating interactions of cellular and network processes that must be analyzed to understand rhythm generation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.