The Kibale Chimpanzee Project: Over thirty years of research, conservation, and change
The Kibale Chimpanzee Project: Over thirty years of research, conservation, and change
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基巴莱黑猩猩项目：三十多年的研究、保护和改变
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108857
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Wrangham, Richard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emery Thompson, Melissa;Muller, Martin N.;Machanda, Zarin P.;Otali, Emily;Wrangham, Richard W.
长期的灵长类动物实地研究项目有助于保护濒危灵长类物种及其消失的栖息地，为当地和国际保护项目提供信息和促进。自1987年以来，Kibale黑猩猩项目（KCP）一直在研究Kanyawara野生黑猩猩群落，调查了广泛的行为、生态和生理问题。研究区域包括乌干达Kibale国家公园的西北边界，经历了多种原因导致的栖息地变化，包括森林更新，日益温暖和潮湿的气候以及邻近人口的影响。在这里，我们回顾了对Kanyawara黑猩猩的研究历史，并研究了过去30多年来它们的人口、饮食和社会行为是如何变化的。虽然Kanyawara黑猩猩受到保护，免受偷猎和栖息地丧失的主要威胁，但源自人类的呼吸系统疾病是造成死亡的一个主要原因。许多人也被电线狩猎陷阱所伤。然而，研究群体的规模已经适度增长，个体变得越来越群居，出生率也有所提高。这些结果可能归因于栖息地生产力的提高，这可以追溯到基巴莱野生动物当局几十年来的努力以及相关的研究和保护计划。总的来说，研究不仅有助于了解濒危物种的营养生态学、社会行为、生理和健康之间的相互作用，还有助于通过直接干预、积极的经济影响和保护教育计划在Kibale社区开展保护活动。
Long-term primate field research programs contribute to the protection of endangered primate species and their vanishing habitats by informing and fostering local and international conservation programs. The Kibale Chimpanzee Project (KCP) has studied the Kanyawara community of wild chimpanzees continuously since 1987, investigating a wide range of behavioral, ecological, and physiological questions. The study area includes the northwest boundary of Kibale National Park, Uganda, and has experienced habitat change driven by multiple causes, including forest regeneration, an increasingly warmer and wetter climate, and impacts from the neighboring human population. Here, we review the history of research on Kanyawara chimpanzees and examine how their demography, diet, and social behavior have changed over the last 30+ years. While Kanyawara chimpanzees were protected from the major threats of poaching and habitat loss, respiratory diseases of human origin were a major source of mortality. Many individuals were also injured by wire hunting snares. Nevertheless, the study community has grown modestly in size, individuals have become increasingly gregarious, and birth rates have increased. These results are likely attributable to improved habitat productivity that can be traced to decades-long efforts by wildlife authorities and the associated research and conservation programs in Kibale. Overall, research has contributed both to understanding interactions among nutritional ecology, social behavior, physiology, and health of an endangered species, and also to conservation activities in the Kibale community through direct interventions, positive economic impacts, and conservation education programs.