An Evolutionary Framework for Carpel Developmental Control Genes.
An Evolutionary Framework for Carpel Developmental Control Genes.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msw229
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Kai C. Pfannebecker;Matthias Lange;O. Rupp;A. Becker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kai C. Pfannebecker;Matthias Lange;O. Rupp;A. Becker
心皮是开花植物（被子植物）的雌性生殖器官，包裹着胚珠，发育成果实。心皮的存在将被子植物联系在一起，被认为是被子植物最重要的自异形，如防止近亲繁殖和有效的种子传播。许多对心皮发育至关重要的转录调控因子和共调控因子由不同的基因家族编码，并在拟南芥中得到了很好的表征。这些调节因子包括AGAMOUS （AG）、ETTIN （ETT）、LEUNIG （LUG）、SEUSS （SEU）、SHORT INTERNODE/STYLISH （SHI/STY）和SEPALLATA1、2,3,4 （sep1,2,3,4）。然而，这些心皮发育调节因子的起源时间和随后的分子进化在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们从广泛的陆地植物分类样本中取样了这些心皮发育调节因子的同源物，如小立壶菌、卷柏、云杉和几种被子植物。进行了仔细的系统发育分析，为不同的基因家族提供了系统发育背景，并为这些发育调节因子的年龄提供了最小的估计。我们的分析和已发表的研究表明，LUG-、SEU-和SHI/ sti -样基因已经存在于所有陆地植物的最近共同祖先（MRCA）中，AG-和sep -样基因存在于种子植物的MRCA中，它们的起源可能与ξ全基因组重复（ξ Whole Genome Duplication）一致。我们的研究表明，心皮发育调控网络在一定程度上是从被子植物MRCA中预先存在的网络成分中招募的，并经过修改以调节雌蕊的发育。
Carpels are the female reproductive organs of flowering plants (angiosperms), enclose the ovules, and develop into fruits. The presence of carpels unites angiosperms, and they are suggested to be the most important autapomorphy of the angiosperms, e.g., they prevent inbreeding and allow efficient seed dispersal. Many transcriptional regulators and coregulators essential for carpel development are encoded by diverse gene families and well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Among these regulators are AGAMOUS (AG), ETTIN (ETT), LEUNIG (LUG), SEUSS (SEU), SHORT INTERNODE/STYLISH (SHI/STY), and SEPALLATA1, 2, 3, 4 (SEP1, 2, 3, 4). However, the timing of the origin and their subsequent molecular evolution of these carpel developmental regulators are largely unknown. Here, we have sampled homologs of these carpel developmental regulators from the sequenced genomes of a wide taxonomic sampling of the land plants, such as Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorfii, Picea abies, and several angiosperms. Careful phylogenetic analyses were carried out that provide a phylogenetic background for the different gene families and provide minimal estimates for the ages of these developmental regulators. Our analyses and published work show that LUG-, SEU-, and SHI/STY-like genes were already present in the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of all land plants, AG- and SEP-like genes were present in the MRCA of seed plants and their origin may coincide with the ξ Whole Genome Duplication. Our work shows that the carpel development regulatory network was, in part, recruited from preexisting network components that were present in the MRCA of angiosperms and modified to regulate gynoecium development.