Growth and development of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide
Growth and development of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420100749
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rothermel, BB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boone, MD;Bridges, CM;Rothermel, BB
我们的目标是确定如何绿色青蛙（蛙clamitans）受到多次暴露于亚致死水平的氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂，西维因，在室外池塘。将蝌蚪以低或高密度加入1，000-l池塘中，并暴露于西维因0、1、2或3次。幼虫期的长度、质量、发育阶段、蝌蚪存活率和变态比例用于确定治疗效果。给药频率影响达到变态的绿色青蛙的比例和蝌蚪的发育阶段。一般来说，接触西维因会增加变态和发育的速度。西维因暴露频率对发育的影响因密度处理而异;大多数变态和发育最好的蝌蚪来自暴露于西维因3次的高密度池塘。这种相互作用表明，暴露于西维因后在幼虫期刺激变态，直接或间接，在高密度条件下。我们的研究表明，暴露于污染物可能会导致变态的早期启动，并且自然生物因素可以介导环境中污染物的影响。
Our objective was to determine how green frogs (Rana clamitans) are affected by multiple exposures to a sublethal level of the carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, in outdoor ponds. Tadpoles were added to 1,000-l ponds at a low or high density which were exposed to carbaryl 0, 1, 2, or 3 times. Length of the larval period, mass, developmental stage, tadpole survival, and proportion metamorphosed were used to determine treatment effects. The frequency of dosing affected the proportion of green frogs that reached metamorphosis and the developmental stage of tadpoles. Generally, exposure to carbaryl increased rates of metamorphosis and development. The effect of the frequency of carbaryl exposure on development varied with the density treatment; the majority of metamorphs and the most developed tadpoles came from high-density ponds exposed to carbaryl 3 times. This interaction suggests that exposure to carbaryl later in the larval period stimulated metamorphosis, directly or indirectly, under high-density conditions. Our study indicates that exposure to a contaminant can lead to early initiation of metamorphosis and that natural biotic factors can mediate the effects of a contaminant in the environment.