Control of Complement Activities for Immunoisolation
Control of Complement Activities for Immunoisolation
复制标题
免疫隔离补体活性的控制
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08490.x
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Y. Ikada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Iwata;Y. Murakami;Y. Ikada
摘要：通过半透膜进行细胞免疫隔离是一种最有前途的异种细胞移植方法。尽管已经报道了允许异种移植的膜，但其长期有效性仍然不明确。在这篇综述中，我们想从渗透性的角度重新考虑所报道的膜的免疫隔离有效性，并提出我们制备可以实现异种移植物长期功能的膜的策略。有不同类型的半透膜、水凝胶膜和超滤膜。对其渗透性的研究表明，在扩散控制过程中，这些膜均不能根据分子大小有效地分离溶质，因此也不能长时间免疫隔离异种移植物。包括抗体和补体蛋白在内的体液免疫被怀疑在异种移植物的排斥反应中起主要作用。补体细胞溶解活性的控制，而不是抗体渗透，可能是决定包封在膜中的异种移植物命运的关键因素。我们发现含聚苯乙烯磺酸的微球可以消耗补体细胞溶解活性，从而有效地保护糖尿病小鼠异种胰岛免受体液免疫的影响。
ABSTRACT: Immunoisolation of cells by semipermeable membranes is a most promising approach to transplant xenogeneic cells. Although membranes which allow xenotranplantation have been reported, ambiguity remains as to their long term effectiveness. In this review, we would like to reconsider the immuno‐isolative effectiveness of membranes reported from the standpoint of permeability and present our strategy to prepare membranes that can realize long‐term functioning of xenograft. There are distinct different types of semi‐permeable membranes, hydrogel membranes and ultrafiltration membranes. Studies on their permeability indicated that neither of these membranes effectively fractionate solutes on the basis of molecular size under a diffusion‐controlled process, nor thus can they immuno‐isolate xenograft for a long time. Humoral immunity including antibodies and complement proteins is suspected of playing a major role in the rejection of xenografts. Control of complement cytolytic activities, not antibody permeation, may be a key factor determining the fate of the xenograft enclosed in membranes. We found that the microbead containing poly(styrene sulfonic acid) can consume complement cytolytic activities and thus can effectively protect xenogeneic islets of Langerhans in diabetic mice from the humoral immunity.