On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes
On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes
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DOI：
10.1006/jesp.1997.1331
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Howard, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dovidio, JF;Kawakami, K;Howard, A
本研究通过三个实验考察了白人对黑人的内隐态度的存在，探讨了种族偏见的外显测量与种族态度的内隐测量之间的关系，以及外显和内隐态度与种族反应和行为之间的关系。实验1使用了启动技术，证明了内隐的负面种族态度（即，评估协会）之间的白人，在很大程度上与明确的，自我报告的种族偏见。实验2复制了实验1的启动结果，并证明，如假设的那样，外显措施预测审议种族相关的反应（jurisdiction决定），而内隐措施预测自发反应（种族启动字完成）。实验3将这些发现扩展到种族间的相互作用。自我报告（外显）的种族态度主要预测黑人和白色互动伙伴的相对评价，而内隐态度的反应潜伏期措施主要预测非语言行为（眨眼和视觉接触）的差异。这些调查结果和当代种族态度的一般框架之间的关系被认为。(C)北京：科学出版社.
The present research, involving three experiments, examined the existence of implicit attitudes of Whites toward Blacks, investigated the relationship between explicit measures of racial prejudice and implicit measures of racial attitudes, and explored the relationship of explicit and implicit attitudes to race-related responses and behavior. Experiment 1, which used a priming technique, demonstrated implicit negative racial attitudes (i.e., evaluative associations) among Whites that were largely disassociated from explicit, self-reported racial prejudice. Experiment 2 replicated the priming results of Experiment 1 and demonstrated, as hypothesized, that explicit measures predicted deliberative race-related responses (juridic decisions), whereas the implicit measure predicted spontaneous responses (racially primed word completions). Experiment 3 extended these findings to interracial interactions. Self-reported (explicit) racial attitudes primarily predicted the relative evaluations of Black and White interaction partners, whereas the response latency measure of implicit attitude primarily predicted differences in nonverbal behaviors (blinking and visual contact). The relation between these findings and general frameworks of contemporary racial attitudes is considered. (C) 1997 Academic Press.