Detecting bias due to input modelling in computer simulation

Detecting bias due to input modelling in computer simulation
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检测计算机模拟中输入建模引起的偏差

DOI:
10.1016/j.ejor.2019.06.003
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Morgan, L.E. Nelson
Morgan, L.E. Nelson
中科院分区:
管理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Morgan, L.E. Nelson

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这是第一篇探讨随机模拟输出中的偏差问题的论文,该问题是由于使用输入分布,而输入分布的参数是根据真实世界的数据估计的。我们特别考虑基于模拟的估计器对真实世界系统性能的期望值(长期平均值)的偏差;即使使用输入分布参数的无偏估计器,由于这些参数和输出响应之间的(典型的)非线性关系,这种偏差也将存在。到目前为止,这种偏差一直被认为是可以忽略的,因为它随着真实世界输入数据量的增加而迅速减少。虽然这一性质在渐近上是正确的,但这并不意味着在数据有限的情况下,偏差实际上很小,这是一贯的情况。我们提出了一种偏差估计的Delta方法,该方法评估作为输入模型参数的函数的期望值性能曲面的非线性。由于这个响应面是未知的,我们提出了一种创新的实验设计来适应响应面模型,该模型便于检测具有指定功率的相关尺寸的偏差的测试。我们使用对照实验对该方法进行了评估,并通过一个关于医疗保健呼叫中心的真实案例研究对其进行了演示。
This is the first paper to approach the problem of bias in the output of a stochastic simulation due to using input distributions whose parameters were estimated from real-world data. We consider, in particular, the bias in simulation-based estimators of the expected value (long-run average) of the real-world system performance; this bias will be present even if one employs unbiased estimators of the input distribution parameters due to the (typically) nonlinear relationship between these parameters and the output response. To date this bias has been assumed to be negligible because it decreases rapidly as the quantity of real-world input data increases. While true asymptotically, this property does not imply that the bias is actually small when, as is always the case, data are finite. We present a delta-method approach to bias estimation that evaluates the nonlinearity of the expected-value performance surface as a function of the input-model parameters. Since this response surface is unknown, we propose an innovative experimental design to fit a response-surface model that facilitates a test for detecting a bias of a relevant size with specified power. We evaluate the method using controlled experiments, and demonstrate it through a realistic case study concerning a healthcare call centre.
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