Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Hyporheic Zone of a Sonoran Desert Stream
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Hyporheic Zone of a Sonoran Desert Stream
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索诺兰沙漠溪流潜流带的物理和化学特征
DOI：
10.2307/1467584
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Stanley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Valett;S. Fisher;E. Stanley
亚利桑那州Sycamore Creek的三个河段的下潜区由平均63厘米深的沙子或细砾石（0.5-5毫米）组成。沉积物具有高度多孔性（空隙率为19-23%），空隙水量为地表水的3-4倍。温度、沉积物有机质、间质营养物质和地下氧的空间分布表明，深潜带内的物理化学条件存在较大差异。观测到的大部分变率可能是由于山洪的反复扰动。沉积物有机质含量低（0.08%），随深度变化而变化，浅埋带有机质含量随深度变化而降低。夏季湿润周长以下区域的潜流水温高于地表温度。与地表水相比，间隙水的营养物质浓度明显增加；铵态氮、SRP和硝态氮分别占表面浓度的269%、174%和327%。地下速度较低（0.62 mm/s），但垂直交换明显。在入渗区（下升流）间质氧含量高，在排出区（上升流）间质氧含量普遍降低，但地下模式则较为复杂。地表和下潜带之间的垂直联系提供了相互影响的机制。其中最主要的是通过下流补充间质氧（并增强有氧呼吸），以及上升流地点地表水的营养物质富集。
The hyporheic zone of three reaches of Sycamore Creek, Arizona consisted of an average 63 cm depth of predominantly sand or fine gravel (0.5-5 mm). Sediments were highly porous (19-23% interstitial space) and interstitial water volume was 3-4 times that of surface water. Spatial distribution of temperature, sediment organic matter, interstitial nutrients, and subsurface oxygen indicate that physical-chemical conditions vary greatly within the hyporheic zone. Much of the observed variability may be due to repeated disturbance by flash floods. Organic matter content of sediment was low (0.08% by weight), variable, and generally declined with depth in shallow portions of the hyporheic zone. Hyporheic water temperature was higher than surface temperature in regions beneath the wetted perimeter in summer. Nutrient concentrations of interstitial water were enriched compared to surface water; ammonium-N, SRP, and nitrate-N were 269%, 174%, and 327% of surface concentration, respectively. Sub-surface velocity was low (0.62 mm/s), but vertical exchanges were pronounced. Interstitial oxygen was high in regions of infiltration (downwelling), and was generally reduced in discharge regions (upwelling), but subsurface patterns were otherwise complex. Vertical linkages between surface and hyporheic zones provide a mechanism for mutual influences. Chief among these are replenishment of interstitial oxygen by downwelling (and enhancement of aerobic respiration), and nutrient enrichment of surface water at upwelling sites.