Dissociations of grammaticality and specific similarity effects in artificial grammar learning
Dissociations of grammaticality and specific similarity effects in artificial grammar learning
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.23.4.1029
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Higham, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higham, PA
三个人工语法学习实验研究分类判断的记忆过程。在实验1中，分类任务和识别任务在语法性、特定项目相似度和块频率上的影响相似。在实验2A和2B中，排除“旧”和“相似”测试项目的指令，限制了有意识回忆的作用，分离了语法和相似性效应在分类中的作用。在实验3中，分散注意力也产生了分离。结果表明，语法性和特定相似性效应分别主要基于自动记忆过程和有意记忆过程的双过程模型与结果一致，而单一机制解释与结果不一致。这一结论进一步得到了证据的支持，证据表明，块频率对分类判断既有隐性影响，也有显性影响。
Three artificial grammar learning experiments investigated the memory processes underlying classification judgments. In Experiment 1, effects of grammaticality, specific item similarity, and chunk frequency were analogous between classification and recognition tasks. In Experiments 2A and 2B, instructions to exclude ''old'' and ''similar'' test items, under conditions that limited the role of conscious recollection, dissociated grammaticality and similarity effects in classification. Dividing attention at test also produced a dissociation in Experiment 3. It is concluded that a dual-process model of classification, whereby the grammaticality and specific similarity effects are based mostly on automatic and intentional memory processes, respectively, is consistent with the results, whereas a unitary mechanism account is not. This conclusion is further supported by evidence indicating that chunk frequency had both implicit and explicit influences on classification judgments.