Burial-induced oxygen-isotope re-equilibration of fossil foraminifera explains ocean paleotemperature paradoxes.

Burial-induced oxygen-isotope re-equilibration of fossil foraminifera explains ocean paleotemperature paradoxes.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-017-01225-9
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发表时间:
2017-10-26
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Meibom A
Meibom A
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bernard S;Daval D;Ackerer P;Pont S;Meibom A

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氧同位素组成的Alkylised浮游有孔虫和底栖有孔虫测试被用来作为表面和深海古温度的代理,提供了一个连续的底栖记录,为过去的115马。然而,在沉积物埋藏过程中,视觉上难以察觉的过程可以改变这些代理。在这里,我们调查的扩散控制的再平衡过程与实验暴露有孔虫测试的压力和温度升高的同位素重人工海水(H2 18 O),然后通过扫描电子显微镜和定量NanoSIMS成像:氧同位素组成的变化不均匀在亚微米的长度尺度,没有任何可观察到的修改的测试超微结构。与此同时,在埋葬过程中扩散的数值模拟表明,化石有孔虫测试的氧同位素再平衡可能会导致显着高估的海洋古温度在自然条件下的时间尺度为107年。我们的研究结果表明,晚白垩世和古近纪深海和高纬度海洋表面的温度显着低于普遍接受的,从而解释了低赤道到极地海洋表面的热梯度推断这些时期的悖论。有孔虫化石测试的氧同位素组成是海洋古温度的既定代理。在这里,作者表明,同位素再平衡可以发生在沉积物埋藏过程中,而无需对测试进行结构修改,并导致海洋古温度的大幅高估。
Oxygen-isotope compositions of fossilised planktonic and benthic foraminifera tests are used as proxies for surface- and deep-ocean paleotemperatures, providing a continuous benthic record for the past 115 Ma. However, visually imperceptible processes can alter these proxies during sediment burial. Here, we investigate the diffusion-controlled re-equilibration process with experiments exposing foraminifera tests to elevated pressures and temperatures in isotopically heavy artificial seawater (H2 18O), followed by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative NanoSIMS imaging: oxygen-isotope compositions changed heterogeneously at submicrometer length scales without any observable modifications of the test ultrastructures. In parallel, numerical modelling of diffusion during burial shows that oxygen-isotope re-equilibration of fossil foraminifera tests can cause significant overestimations of ocean paleotemperatures on a time scale of 107 years under natural conditions. Our results suggest that the late Cretaceous and Paleogene deep-ocean and high-latitude surface-ocean temperatures were significantly lower than is generally accepted, thereby explaining the paradox of the low equator-to-pole surface-ocean thermal gradient inferred for these periods. The oxygen-isotope composition of fossil foraminifera tests is an established proxy for ocean paleotemperatures. Here, the authors show that isotope re-equilibration can occur during sediment burial without structural modification of the tests and cause a substantial overestimation of ocean paleotemperatures.
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