The association between walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity across the lifespan
The association between walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity across the lifespan
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DOI：
10.25318/82-003-x201900900001-eng
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ross, Nancy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colley, Rachel C.;Christidis, Tanya;Ross, Nancy A.
背景：在成年人中，步行适宜性与身体活动呈正相关。步行适宜性与以交通为目的的步行的相关性比与休闲步行的相关性更为一致。本研究的目的是利用一个新的加拿大步行适宜性数据库，研究适宜步行的社区与身体活动之间的关联如何因年龄和身体活动类型而异。
数据与方法：2016年加拿大积极生活环境（Can - ALE）数据库与两项横断面健康调查相关联：加拿大健康测量调查（CHMS；2009年至2015年）和加拿大社区健康调查（CCHS；2015年至2016年）。在CHMS中，使用Actical加速度计测量身体活动（n = 10987；年龄3至79岁）。在CHMS中，3至11岁儿童在校外的非组织性身体活动由家长报告（n = 4030），在CCHS中，受访者自我报告按类型（休闲、基于交通、基于学校以及家庭和职业）划分的身体活动数据（n = 105876；年龄12岁及以上）。
结果：在青少年（p < 0.05）、年轻成年人（p < 0.0001）和老年人（p < 0.05）中，步行适宜性与加速度计测量的中等到剧烈身体活动呈正相关，而在青少年（12至17岁）和老年人（60至79岁）中，步行适宜性与轻度身体活动呈负相关（p < 0.05）。在青少年（p < 0.001）和所有年龄段的成年人（p < 0.0001）中，步行适宜性与自我报告的基于交通的身体活动呈正相关。在5至11岁儿童中，步行适宜性与家长报告的非组织性身体活动呈负相关，并且生活在最适宜步行社区的儿童平均比生活在最不适宜步行社区的儿童少积累10分钟的身体活动。
解释：本研究结果与先前的研究一致，表明步行适宜性与成年人身体活动的相关性比与儿童的更强，并且步行适宜性与基于交通的身体活动相关。步行适宜性是可能影响身体活动的众多建成环境因素之一。需要更多的研究来识别和理解与儿童身体活动以及与休闲或闲暇时间身体活动相关的建成环境因素。
Background: Walkability is positively associated with physical activity in adults. Walkability is more consistently associated with walking for transportation than recreational walking. The purpose of this study is to examine how the association between walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity varies by age and type of physical activity using a new Canadian walkability database.Data and methods: The 2016 Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) database was attached to two cross-sectional health surveys: the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS; 2009 to 2015) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; 2015 to 2016). Physical activity was measured in the CHMS using the Actical accelerometer (n = 10,987; ages 3 to 79). Unorganized physical activity outside of school among children aged 3 to 11 was reported by parents in the CHMS (n = 4,030), and physical activity data by type (recreational, transportation-based, school-based, and household and occupational) was self-reported by respondents in the CCHS (n = 105,876; ages 12 and older).Results: Walkability was positively associated with accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in youth (p < 0.05), younger adults (p < 0.0001) and older adults (p < 0.05), while walkability was negatively associated with light physical activity in youth (ages 12 to 17) and older adults (ages 60 to 79) (p < 0.05). Walkability was positively associated with self-reported transportation-based physical activity in youth (p < 0.001) and adults of all ages (p < 0.0001). Walkability was negatively associated with parent-reported unorganized physical activity of children aged 5 to 11, and children living in the most walkable neighbourhoods accumulated 10 minutes of physical activity less-on average-than those living in the least walkable neighbourhoods.Interpretation: The results of this study are consistent with previous studies indicating that walkability is more strongly associated with physical activity in adults than in children and that walkability is associated with transportation-based physical activity. Walkability is one of many built environment factors that may influence physical activity. More research is needed to identify and understand the built environment factors associated with physical activity in children and with recreational or leisure-time physical activity.