Tracking phosphorus security: indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system
Tracking phosphorus security: indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-015-0442-0
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
White, Stuart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordell, Dana;White, Stuart
磷通过确保土壤肥力、农民生计、农业生产力和全球粮食安全，支撑着全球粮食系统。然而，在全球或国家一级缺乏研究和有效的治理，以确保今后能够获得和利用这一全球资源。世界上磷的主要来源-磷酸盐岩-是一种有限的资源，它正变得越来越稀缺、昂贵，并受到地缘政治紧张局势的影响，因为摩洛哥一个国家控制着世界上剩余高品位储量的四分之三。鉴于磷的重要性和世界粮食系统对磷短缺的脆弱性，迫切需要鼓励适当的可持续磷做法和技术，同时启动有效的国际治理机制，包括政策/研究协调和问责制。可持续性指标正越来越多地被用作促进全球可持续性挑战的问责、执行、评价和沟通的工具。本文介绍了第一套全面的磷脆弱性和安全指标在全球和国家范围内。全球指标包括：磷酸盐价格、市场集中度和供应风险、磷的相对物理稀缺性和富营养化潜力。国家指标包括：农民磷脆弱性、国家磷脆弱性、国家磷公平性和土壤磷遗产。在国家和全球层面监测和跟踪这些指标，最终可以提供粮食系统中关键磷脆弱性或“热点”的证据，支持有效的磷治理，以刺激有针对性的有效行动，提高对这一粮食安全挑战的认识，并评估全球或国家可持续磷项目的有效性和绩效。
Phosphorus underpins global food systems by ensuring soil fertility, farmer livelihoods, agricultural productivity and global food security. Yet there is a lack of research and effective governance at global or national scales designed to ensure the future availability and accessibility of this global resource. The world's main source of phosphorus, phosphate rock, is a finite resource that is becoming increasingly scarce, expensive and subject to geopolitical tensions as one country, Morocco, controls three-quarters of the world's remaining high-grade reserves. Given the criticality of phosphorus and the vulnerability of the world's food systems to phosphorus scarcity, there is a strong need to stimulate appropriate sustainable phosphorus practices and technologies, and simultaneously, to initiate effective international governance mechanisms, including policy/research coordination and accountability. Sustainability indicators are increasingly being used as tools to facilitate accountability, implementation, evaluation and communication for global sustainability challenges. This paper presents the first comprehensive set of phosphorus vulnerability and security indicators at global and national scales. Global indicators include: phosphate price, market concentration and supply risk, relative physical phosphorus scarcity and eutrophication potential. National indicators include: farmer phosphorus vulnerability, national phosphorus vulnerability, national phosphorus equity and soil phosphorus legacy. Monitoring and tracking such indicators at the national and global levels can ultimately provide evidence of key phosphorus vulnerabilities or 'hotspots' in the food system, support effective phosphorus governance to stimulate targeted and effective action, raise awareness of this food security challenge, and evaluate the effectiveness and performance of global or national sustainable phosphorus projects.